Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
Titulo:

Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
.

Sumario:

Objetivo: analizar los factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCSLILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos. Resultados: se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, por lo cual puede clasificarse en 2 secciones a saber: síntesis, liberación y metabolismo de hormonas tiroideas; factores que modifican los niveles de ho... Ver más

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Luna Azul

0122-5391

1909-2474

Osorio, José Henry

Urquijo, Lina María

Salamanca, Diana Marcela

UNIVERSIDAD DE CALDAS

2011-07-01

126

136

Colombia

Aves

hormona tiroidea

metabolismo

Luna Azul - 2015

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spelling Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
Factors that modify thyroid hormone levels in poultry
Objetivo: analizar los factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCSLILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos. Resultados: se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, por lo cual puede clasificarse en 2 secciones a saber: síntesis, liberación y metabolismo de hormonas tiroideas; factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas. Conclusión: la liberación de hormonas tiroideas puede ser afectada por factores tales como temperatura, incubación, dieta, ayuno, producción, fotoperiodos y estrés.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors which modify the thyroid hormone levels in domestic birds. Materials and methods: information from the last 50 years included in the BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IBSSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus and Scirus, data bases as well as historical articles, texts and references cited in work published to date were analyzed. Results: important information related to the objectives proposed in the present review was found and analyzed. The information was later divided into two sections as follows: synthesis, liberation and metabolism of thyroid hormones and factors which modify the thyroid hormones levels. Conclusion: thyroid hormones production can be influenced by factors such as temperature, incubation, diet, fasting, photoperiods and stress. 
Osorio, José Henry
Urquijo, Lina María
Salamanca, Diana Marcela
Aves
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Poultry
thyroid hormone
metabolism
33
Núm. 33 , Año 2011 : Julio-Diciembre
Artículo de revista
Journal article
2011-07-01T00:00:00Z
2011-07-01T00:00:00Z
2011-07-01
application/pdf
Universidad de Caldas
Luna Azul
0122-5391
1909-2474
https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1267
https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1267
spa
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Luna Azul - 2015
126
136
 Akiba, Y., Jensen, L. S., Barb, C. R., y Kraeling, R. R. (1982). Plasma estradiol, thyroid hormones, and liver lipid content in laying hens fed different isocaloric diets. J Nutr, 112, 299-9.
 Anne Mcnabb, F. M. (1999). Sturkie's avian physiology. 5 ed. USA: Academic Press. pp. 455-10.
 Bahadoran, S., Hassanzadeh, M., y Zamanimoghaddam, A. K. (2010). Effect of chronic hypoxia during the early stage of incubation on prenatal and postnatal parameters related to ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Iranian J Vet Res, 11(1), 64- 71.
 Banks,W. J. (1986). Histología veterinaria aplicada.1ed. Ciudad de México: El Manual Moderno S.A. de C.V. pp. 583-8.
 Bruggeman, V., Vanmontfort, D., Renaville, R, Portetelle, D., y Decuypere, E. (1997).The effect of food intake from two weeks of age to sexual maturity on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and thyroid hormones in female broiler breeder chickens. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 107, 212-8.
 Buyse, J., Janssens, K., Van der Geyten, S., Van As, P., Decuypere, E., y Darras, V. M. (2002). Pre- and postprandial changes in plasma hormone and metabolite levels and hepatic deiodinase activities in meal-fed broiler chickens. Brit J Nut, 88, 641-12.
 Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1997). Dietary carbohydrate and fat do not alter the thyroid response to protein deficiency in chicks (Abstract). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 215(1), 82-6.
 Carew, L. B. Jr., Alster, F. A., Foss, D. C., y Scanes, C. G. (1983). Effect of a tryptophan deficiency on thyroid gland, growth hormone and testicular functions in chickens. J Nutr, 113, 1756-9.
 Carew, L. B, Evarts, K. G, y Alster, F. A. (1997). Growth and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations of chicks fed diets deficient in essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 76, 1398-6.
 ________. (1998). Growth, feed intake, and plasma thyroid hormone levels in chicks fed dietary excesses of essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 77, 295-3.
 Carew, L. B. Jr., Gestone, T. A., Alster, F. A. (1985). Effect of phosphorus deficiency on thyroid function and growth hormone in the white Leghorn male. Poult Sci, 64, 2010-2.
 Carew, L. B., McMurtry, J. P., y Alster, F. A. (2003). Effects of methionine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 82, 1932-6.
 ________. Effects of lysine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors I and II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 84, 1045-5.
 Chang, W. P., Combs, G. F. Jr., Scanes, C. G., y Marsh, J. A. (2005). The effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiencies on plasma thyroid and thymic hormone concentrations in the chicken. Develop Comparat Immunol, 29, 265-8.
 Chiang, W., Booren, A., y Strasburg, G. (2008). The effect of heat stress on thyroid hormone response and meat quality in turkeys of two genetic lines. Meat Sci, 80, 615-7.
 Christensen, V. L., y Davis, G. S. (2004). Maternal dietary iodide influences turkey embryo thyroid function. Poult Sci, 3(9), 550-7.
 Christensen, V. L., Davis, G. S., y Nestor, K. E. (2002).Environmental incubation factors influence embryonic thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 81, 442-8. Christensen, V. L., y Phelps, P. (2001). Injection of thyrotrophinreleasing hormone in turkey embryos elevates plasma thyroxine concentrations. Poult Sci, 80, 643-3.
 Darras, V. M., Cokelaere, M., Dewil, E., Arnouts, S., Decuypere, E., y Kühn, E. R. (1995). Partial food restriction increases hepatic inner ring deiodinating activity in the chicken and the rat. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 100, 334-4.
 Davis, G. S., Anderson, K. E., y Carroll, A. S. (2000). The effects of long-term caging and molt of single comb white leghorn hens on herterophil to lymphocyte ratios, corticosterone and thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 79, 514-4.
 Decuypere, E., Nouwen, J., Kühn, E. R., Geers, R., y Michels, H. (1979). Lodohormones in the serum of chick embryos and posthatching chickens as influenced by incubation temperature. Relationship with the hatching process and thermogenesis. An Biol Anim Bioch Biophys, 19(6), 1713-10.
 Decuypere, E., Van Asa, P., Van der Geyten, S., y Darras, V. M. (2005). Thyroid hormone availability and activity in avian species: A review. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 29, 63-14.
 Dickson, W. M., Feldman, E. C., Hedge, G. A., Martin, R., y McDonald, L. E. (2003). Fisiología veterinaria cunningham. En Cunningham, J. G. (Ed,), Las glándulas endocrinas y su función (chapter 33, pp. 342-42). 3 ed. Madrid: Elsevier España S.A.
 Elkin R. G., Featherston, W. R., y Rogler, J. C. (1980). Effects of dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine on circulating thyroid hormone levels and growth in the chick. J Nutr, 110, 130-8.
 Geris, K. L., Berghman, L. R., Kühn, E. R., y Darras, V. M. (1999). The drop in plasma thyrotropin concentrations in fasted chickens is caused by an action at the level of the hypothalamus: role ofcorticosterone. Domestic Anim Endocrinol, 16(4), 231-6.
 Gutiérrez, G. (1999). Hormonas y reproducción en aves: la influencia de factores ambientales y sociales. Rev Lat Psicol, 31(1), 151-74.
 Győrffy, A., Sayed-Ahmed, A., Zsarnovszky, A., Frenyó, V. l., Decuypere, E, y Bartha, T. (2009). Effects of energy restriction on thyroid hormone metabolism in chickens. Acta Vet Hungarica, 57(2), 319-11.
 Hangalapura, B. N., Nieuwland, M. G. B., Buyse, J., Kemp, B., y Parmentier, H. K. (2004). Effect of duration of cold stress on plasma adrenal and thyroid hormone levels and immune responses in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses. Poult Sci, 83, 1644-5.
 Hudelson, K. S., y Hudelson, P. (2009). Endocrine considerations. En Harrison, G. J., y Lightfoot, T. L. (Eds.), Clinical avian medicine. Ithaca, NY: Internet Publisher, International Veterinary Information Service.
 Hutchins, M. O., y Newcomer, W. S. (1066). Metabolism and excretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in chickens (Abstract).Gen Compart Endocrinol, 6(2), 239-9.
 Keagy, E. M., Carew, L. B., Alster, F. A., y Tyzbir, R. S. (1987). Thyroid function, energy balance, body composition and organ growth in protein-deficient chicks. J Nutr, 117, 1532-8.
 Julian, R. J. (2005). Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry: A review. Vet J, 169, 350-19.
 Julian, R. J., McMillan, I., y Quinton, M. (1989). The effect of cold and dietary energy on right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular failure and ascites in meat-type chickens. Avian Pathol, 18, 675-9.
 Lien, R. J., y Siopes, T. D. (1993). The relationship of plasma thyroid hormone and prolactin concentrations to egg laying, incubation behavior, and molting by female turkeys exposed to a one-year natural daylength cycle (Abstract). Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 90(2), 205-8.
 Lumeij, J. T. (1994). Endocrinology. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (p. 582-606). Lake Worth, Florida: Wingers Publishing.
 Macwhirter, P. (1994). Malnutrition. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (chapter 31, p. 859). Lake Worth, Florida. Wingers Publishing.
 Moravej, H., Khazali, H., Shivazad, M., y Mehrabani-Yeganeh, H. (2006). Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone and growth hormone in lohmann male broilers fed on different dietary energy and protein levels. Int J Poult Sci, 5(5), 457-5.
 Parmer, T. G., Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1987). Thyroid function, growth hormone, and organ growth in broilers deficient in phosphorus. Poult Sci, 66, 1995-9.
 Piestun, Y., Shinder, D., Ruzal, M., Halevy, O., y Yahav, S. (2008). The effect of thermal manipulations during the development of the thyroid and adrenal axes on in-hatch and post-hatch thermoregulation. J Thermal Biol, 33, 413-5.
 Proudman, J. A., y Siopes, T. D. (2002). Relative and absolute photorefractoriness in turkey hens: profiles of prolactin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine early in the reproductive cycle. Poult Sci, 81, 1218-5.
 ________. (2005). Thyroid hormone and prolactin profiles in male and female turkeys following hotostimulation. Poult Sci, 84, 942- 4.
 ________. (2006). Potential role of thyroid hormones and prolactin in the programming of photorefractoriness in turkey hens. Poult Sci, 85, 1457-4.
 Queen, W. H., Christensen, V. L., y May, J. D. (1997). Supplemental thyroid hormones and molting in turkey breeder hens. Poult Sci, 76, 887-6.
 Reyns, G. E., Janssens, K. A., Buyseb, J., Kühn, E. R., y Darras, V. M. (2002). Changes in thyroid hormone levels in chicken liver during fasting and refeeding. Comparat Biochem Physiol, 132, 239-6.
 Rosebrough, R. W. (2000). Dietary protein levels and the responses of broilers to single or repeated cycles of fasting and refeeding. Nut Res, 20(69), 877-9.
 Silva, J. E. (2003). The thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone and its clinical implications. Ann Int Med, 139, 205-8.
 Siopes, T. D. (2002). Circulating thyroid hormone levels in recycled turkey breeder hens during a short day prelighting period and renewal of photosensitivity for egg production. Poult Sci, 81, 1342-4.
 Tao, X., Zhang, Z. Y., Dong, H., Zhang, H., y Xin, H. (2006). Responses of thyroid hormones of market-size broilers to thermoneutral constant and warm cyclic temperatures. Poult Sci, 85, 1520-8.
 Tona, K., Malheiros, R. D., Bamelis, F., Careghi, C., Moraes, V. M. B., Onagbesan, O., Decuypere, E., y Bruggeman, V. (2003). Effects of storage time on incubating egg gas pressure, thyroid hormones, and corticosterone levels in embryos and on their hatching parameters. Poult Sci, 82, 840-5.
 Wineland, M. J., Christensen, V. L., Yildrum, I., Fairchild, B. D., Ort, D. T., y Mann, K. M. (2006). Incubator environment interacts with genetic line of broiler at the plateau stage to affect embryo plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations. Poult Sci, 5(8), 714-8.
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title Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
spellingShingle Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
Osorio, José Henry
Urquijo, Lina María
Salamanca, Diana Marcela
Aves
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Poultry
thyroid hormone
metabolism
title_short Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
title_full Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
title_fullStr Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
title_full_unstemmed Factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
title_sort factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas
title_eng Factors that modify thyroid hormone levels in poultry
description Objetivo: analizar los factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas en aves domésticas. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCSLILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos. Resultados: se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, por lo cual puede clasificarse en 2 secciones a saber: síntesis, liberación y metabolismo de hormonas tiroideas; factores que modifican los niveles de hormonas tiroideas. Conclusión: la liberación de hormonas tiroideas puede ser afectada por factores tales como temperatura, incubación, dieta, ayuno, producción, fotoperiodos y estrés.
description_eng ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors which modify the thyroid hormone levels in domestic birds. Materials and methods: information from the last 50 years included in the BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IBSSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus and Scirus, data bases as well as historical articles, texts and references cited in work published to date were analyzed. Results: important information related to the objectives proposed in the present review was found and analyzed. The information was later divided into two sections as follows: synthesis, liberation and metabolism of thyroid hormones and factors which modify the thyroid hormones levels. Conclusion: thyroid hormones production can be influenced by factors such as temperature, incubation, diet, fasting, photoperiods and stress. 
author Osorio, José Henry
Urquijo, Lina María
Salamanca, Diana Marcela
author_facet Osorio, José Henry
Urquijo, Lina María
Salamanca, Diana Marcela
topicspa_str_mv Aves
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
topic Aves
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Poultry
thyroid hormone
metabolism
topic_facet Aves
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Poultry
thyroid hormone
metabolism
citationissue 33
citationedition Núm. 33 , Año 2011 : Julio-Diciembre
publisher Universidad de Caldas
ispartofjournal Luna Azul
source https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1267
language spa
format Article
rights https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Luna Azul - 2015
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
references  Akiba, Y., Jensen, L. S., Barb, C. R., y Kraeling, R. R. (1982). Plasma estradiol, thyroid hormones, and liver lipid content in laying hens fed different isocaloric diets. J Nutr, 112, 299-9.
 Anne Mcnabb, F. M. (1999). Sturkie's avian physiology. 5 ed. USA: Academic Press. pp. 455-10.
 Bahadoran, S., Hassanzadeh, M., y Zamanimoghaddam, A. K. (2010). Effect of chronic hypoxia during the early stage of incubation on prenatal and postnatal parameters related to ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Iranian J Vet Res, 11(1), 64- 71.
 Banks,W. J. (1986). Histología veterinaria aplicada.1ed. Ciudad de México: El Manual Moderno S.A. de C.V. pp. 583-8.
 Bruggeman, V., Vanmontfort, D., Renaville, R, Portetelle, D., y Decuypere, E. (1997).The effect of food intake from two weeks of age to sexual maturity on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and thyroid hormones in female broiler breeder chickens. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 107, 212-8.
 Buyse, J., Janssens, K., Van der Geyten, S., Van As, P., Decuypere, E., y Darras, V. M. (2002). Pre- and postprandial changes in plasma hormone and metabolite levels and hepatic deiodinase activities in meal-fed broiler chickens. Brit J Nut, 88, 641-12.
 Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1997). Dietary carbohydrate and fat do not alter the thyroid response to protein deficiency in chicks (Abstract). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 215(1), 82-6.
 Carew, L. B. Jr., Alster, F. A., Foss, D. C., y Scanes, C. G. (1983). Effect of a tryptophan deficiency on thyroid gland, growth hormone and testicular functions in chickens. J Nutr, 113, 1756-9.
 Carew, L. B, Evarts, K. G, y Alster, F. A. (1997). Growth and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations of chicks fed diets deficient in essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 76, 1398-6.
 ________. (1998). Growth, feed intake, and plasma thyroid hormone levels in chicks fed dietary excesses of essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 77, 295-3.
 Carew, L. B. Jr., Gestone, T. A., Alster, F. A. (1985). Effect of phosphorus deficiency on thyroid function and growth hormone in the white Leghorn male. Poult Sci, 64, 2010-2.
 Carew, L. B., McMurtry, J. P., y Alster, F. A. (2003). Effects of methionine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 82, 1932-6.
 ________. Effects of lysine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors I and II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 84, 1045-5.
 Chang, W. P., Combs, G. F. Jr., Scanes, C. G., y Marsh, J. A. (2005). The effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiencies on plasma thyroid and thymic hormone concentrations in the chicken. Develop Comparat Immunol, 29, 265-8.
 Chiang, W., Booren, A., y Strasburg, G. (2008). The effect of heat stress on thyroid hormone response and meat quality in turkeys of two genetic lines. Meat Sci, 80, 615-7.
 Christensen, V. L., y Davis, G. S. (2004). Maternal dietary iodide influences turkey embryo thyroid function. Poult Sci, 3(9), 550-7.
 Christensen, V. L., Davis, G. S., y Nestor, K. E. (2002).Environmental incubation factors influence embryonic thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 81, 442-8. Christensen, V. L., y Phelps, P. (2001). Injection of thyrotrophinreleasing hormone in turkey embryos elevates plasma thyroxine concentrations. Poult Sci, 80, 643-3.
 Darras, V. M., Cokelaere, M., Dewil, E., Arnouts, S., Decuypere, E., y Kühn, E. R. (1995). Partial food restriction increases hepatic inner ring deiodinating activity in the chicken and the rat. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 100, 334-4.
 Davis, G. S., Anderson, K. E., y Carroll, A. S. (2000). The effects of long-term caging and molt of single comb white leghorn hens on herterophil to lymphocyte ratios, corticosterone and thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 79, 514-4.
 Decuypere, E., Nouwen, J., Kühn, E. R., Geers, R., y Michels, H. (1979). Lodohormones in the serum of chick embryos and posthatching chickens as influenced by incubation temperature. Relationship with the hatching process and thermogenesis. An Biol Anim Bioch Biophys, 19(6), 1713-10.
 Decuypere, E., Van Asa, P., Van der Geyten, S., y Darras, V. M. (2005). Thyroid hormone availability and activity in avian species: A review. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 29, 63-14.
 Dickson, W. M., Feldman, E. C., Hedge, G. A., Martin, R., y McDonald, L. E. (2003). Fisiología veterinaria cunningham. En Cunningham, J. G. (Ed,), Las glándulas endocrinas y su función (chapter 33, pp. 342-42). 3 ed. Madrid: Elsevier España S.A.
 Elkin R. G., Featherston, W. R., y Rogler, J. C. (1980). Effects of dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine on circulating thyroid hormone levels and growth in the chick. J Nutr, 110, 130-8.
 Geris, K. L., Berghman, L. R., Kühn, E. R., y Darras, V. M. (1999). The drop in plasma thyrotropin concentrations in fasted chickens is caused by an action at the level of the hypothalamus: role ofcorticosterone. Domestic Anim Endocrinol, 16(4), 231-6.
 Gutiérrez, G. (1999). Hormonas y reproducción en aves: la influencia de factores ambientales y sociales. Rev Lat Psicol, 31(1), 151-74.
 Győrffy, A., Sayed-Ahmed, A., Zsarnovszky, A., Frenyó, V. l., Decuypere, E, y Bartha, T. (2009). Effects of energy restriction on thyroid hormone metabolism in chickens. Acta Vet Hungarica, 57(2), 319-11.
 Hangalapura, B. N., Nieuwland, M. G. B., Buyse, J., Kemp, B., y Parmentier, H. K. (2004). Effect of duration of cold stress on plasma adrenal and thyroid hormone levels and immune responses in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses. Poult Sci, 83, 1644-5.
 Hudelson, K. S., y Hudelson, P. (2009). Endocrine considerations. En Harrison, G. J., y Lightfoot, T. L. (Eds.), Clinical avian medicine. Ithaca, NY: Internet Publisher, International Veterinary Information Service.
 Hutchins, M. O., y Newcomer, W. S. (1066). Metabolism and excretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in chickens (Abstract).Gen Compart Endocrinol, 6(2), 239-9.
 Keagy, E. M., Carew, L. B., Alster, F. A., y Tyzbir, R. S. (1987). Thyroid function, energy balance, body composition and organ growth in protein-deficient chicks. J Nutr, 117, 1532-8.
 Julian, R. J. (2005). Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry: A review. Vet J, 169, 350-19.
 Julian, R. J., McMillan, I., y Quinton, M. (1989). The effect of cold and dietary energy on right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular failure and ascites in meat-type chickens. Avian Pathol, 18, 675-9.
 Lien, R. J., y Siopes, T. D. (1993). The relationship of plasma thyroid hormone and prolactin concentrations to egg laying, incubation behavior, and molting by female turkeys exposed to a one-year natural daylength cycle (Abstract). Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 90(2), 205-8.
 Lumeij, J. T. (1994). Endocrinology. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (p. 582-606). Lake Worth, Florida: Wingers Publishing.
 Macwhirter, P. (1994). Malnutrition. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (chapter 31, p. 859). Lake Worth, Florida. Wingers Publishing.
 Moravej, H., Khazali, H., Shivazad, M., y Mehrabani-Yeganeh, H. (2006). Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone and growth hormone in lohmann male broilers fed on different dietary energy and protein levels. Int J Poult Sci, 5(5), 457-5.
 Parmer, T. G., Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1987). Thyroid function, growth hormone, and organ growth in broilers deficient in phosphorus. Poult Sci, 66, 1995-9.
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publishDate 2011-07-01
date_accessioned 2011-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_available 2011-07-01T00:00:00Z
url https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1267
url_doi https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1267
issn 0122-5391
eissn 1909-2474
citationstartpage 126
citationendpage 136
url2_str_mv https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/download/1267/1190
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