Titulo:
Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo
.
Sumario:
El estrés por calor es un factor clave que afecta la producción de los animales. En aves ponedoras, puede causar pérdida de peso corporal y alta mortalidad. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio en una casa de capas enjaulada y ventilada naturalmente para evaluar los parámetros ambientales y el índice de estrés por calor dentro del edificio durante el período de clima cálido. A lo largo del estudio, se midieron y registraron los parámetros ambientales (temperatura del aire, humedad relativa y velocidad del aire), dentro y fuera del edificio experimental. También se calculó el índice de estrés por calor utilizando el índice de temperatura-humedad (THI). Los resultados del estudio indicaron que las aves ponedoras en este estudio estuvieron some... Ver más
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2020-07-01
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metarevistapublica_unisucre_revistacolombianadecienciaanimal_recia_86_article_753 |
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Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo The Evaluation of the environmental parameters of battery-caged poultry house in the humid tropical climate El estrés por calor es un factor clave que afecta la producción de los animales. En aves ponedoras, puede causar pérdida de peso corporal y alta mortalidad. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio en una casa de capas enjaulada y ventilada naturalmente para evaluar los parámetros ambientales y el índice de estrés por calor dentro del edificio durante el período de clima cálido. A lo largo del estudio, se midieron y registraron los parámetros ambientales (temperatura del aire, humedad relativa y velocidad del aire), dentro y fuera del edificio experimental. También se calculó el índice de estrés por calor utilizando el índice de temperatura-humedad (THI). Los resultados del estudio indicaron que las aves ponedoras en este estudio estuvieron sometidas la mayor parte de su vida a condiciones de calor que podrían tener un efecto significativo en su desempeño. También se descubrió que la velocidad del aire dentro del edificio era muy baja (0.07ms-1 a 0.58ms-1) lo que no podía proporcionar un ambiente fresco para las aves. Se encontró que el índice de estrés por calor (THI) dentro del edificio de aves ponedoras está influenciado principalmente por la alta humedad relativa en comparación con la temperatura ambiente. Por lo tanto, sería apropiado evaluarse la distribución del flujo de aire dentro del edificio avícola, utilizando la dinámica de fluidos computacional para comprender el perfil de velocidad dentro del edificio. Esto podría ayudar a los ingenieros a rediseñar el edificio y hacerlo apropiado para poner aves en el clima tropical húmedo. Heat stress is a key factor affecting the productions of the animals. In laying birds, it could cause loss of body weight and high mortality. To this end, a study was carried out in a naturally ventilated, tier-caged layer house to evaluate the environmental parameters and the heat stress index within the building during hot weather period. Throughout the study, the environmental parameters (air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity), inside and outside the experimental building were measured and recorded. The heat stress index using the temperature-humidity index (THI) was also estimated. The results of the study indicated that laying birds in this study were most of their lifetime subjected to hot conditions which could have a significant effect on their performances. It was also found out that the air velocity within the building was very low (0.07 ms-1 to 0.58 ms1) which could not provide a cool environment for the birds. The heat stress index (THI) inside laying bird building was found to be mostly influenced by high relative humidity compared to ambient temperature. Therefore, it would be appropriate if the airflow distribution inside the poultry building, in this study, could be evaluated using computational fluid dynamics to understand the velocity profile within the building. This could assist engineers to redesign the building and make it appropriate for laying birds in the humid tropical climate. Jongbo, Ayoola Olawole Air temperature Air velocity Heat stress Layer birds Relative humidity Temperature-humidity index Temperatura del aire Velocidad del aire Estrés por calor Capa de pájaro Humedad relativa Índice de temperatura-humedad 12 2 Núm. 2 , Año 2020 : RECIA 12(2):JULIO-DICIEMBRE 2020 Artículo de revista Journal article 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z 2020-07-01 application/pdf Universidad de Sucre Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA 2027-4297 https://revistas.unisucre.edu.co/index.php/recia/article/view/e753 10.24188/recia.v12.n2.2020.753 https://doi.org/10.24188/recia.v12.n2.2020.753 eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ e753 e753 FAO. Agribusiness Handbook- Poultry meat and eggs. FAO Agribusiness. 2010;65. Mottet A, Tempio G. Global poultry production: Current state and future outlook and challenges. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2017; 73(2):245–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917000071 Daghir NJ. Present status and future of the poultry industry in hot regions. In: Daghir NJ, editor. Poultry Production In Hot Climates. 2nd ed. Trowbridge, UK: CAB International; 2008. http://www.itpnews.com/uploads/2014/02/ITP_FILE_07_1.pdf?direct_access_media=1#page=15 Heise H, Crisan A, Theuvsen L. The poultry market in Nigeria: Market structures and potential for investment in the market. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 2015; 18(Specia lIssue A):197–222. https://www.ifama.org/resources/Documents/v18ia/Heise-Crisan-Thevsen.pdf Sahel. An assessment of the Nigerian poultry sector. Vol. 11, Sahel Capital (Mauritius) Limited. Lagos, Nigeria; 2015. http://sahelcp.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Sahel-Newsletter-Volume-11.pdf Trading Economics. Nigeria Temperature. Trading Economics. 2019 [cited 2019 Nov 25]. https://tradingeconomics.com/nigeria/temperature Nmadu JN, Ogidan IO, Omolehin RA. Profitability and resource use efficiency of poultry egg production in Abuja, Nigeria. Kasetsart Journal - Social Sciences. 2014; 35(1):134–46. http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/Article/TKJS/10960925.pdf Aboki E, Jongur AAU, Onu JI. Productivity and technical efficiency of family poultry production in Kurmi Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability. 2018; 4(1):52–66. https://doi.org/10.22069/jwfst.2018.15021.1747 Afolabi OI, Adegbite DA, Ashaolu OF, Akinbode SO. Profitability and resource-use efficiency in poultry egg farming in Ogun State, Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management. 2013; 7(16):1536–1540. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2013.6955 Tijjani H, Tijani BA, Tijjani AN, Sadiq MA. Economic analysis of poultry egg production in Maiduguri and environs of Borno State, Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science [Internet]. 2012; 2(12):319–324. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ba8d/b6959d098670104452b96f107356087d1643.pdf Adeyemo AA, Onikoyi MP. Prospects and challenges of large scale commercial poultry production in Nigeria. Agricultural Journal. 2012; 7(6):388–393. http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/medwelljournals/aj/2012/388-393.pdf Ezeh CI, Anyiro CO, Chukwu JA. Technical efficiency in poultry broiler production in Umuahia Capital Territory of Abia State , Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2012; 2(1):1–7. www.gjournals.org Fontana I, Tullo E, Butterworth A, Guarino M. Broiler Vocalisation to Predict the Growth. In: Proceedings of Measuring Behaviour, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 2014. https://www.measuringbehavior.org/files/2014/Proceedings/Fontana,%20I.%20-%20MB2014.pdf Ismayilova G. The use of image labelling to identify pig behaviours for the development of a real-time monitoring and control tool. University of Milan; 2013. Chaiyabutr N. Physiological reactions of poultry to heat stress and methods to reduce its effects on poultry production. Thai J Vet Med. 2004; 34(2):17–30. http://www.thaiscience.info/Journals/Article/TJVM/10973644.pdf Ayo JO, Obidi JA, Rekwot PI. Effects of heat stress on the well-being, fertility, and hatchability of chickens in the Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria: A review. ISRN Veterinary Science. 2011; 2011:1–10. https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/838606 Blanes-Vidal V, Fitas V, Torres A. Differential pressure as a control parameter for ventilation in poultry houses: Effect on air velocity in the zone occupied by animals. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2007; 5(1):31–37. http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/sjar/article/viewFile/220/217 Vale M, Moura D, Nääs I, Pereira D. Characterization of heat waves affecting mortality rates of broilers between 29 days and market age. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola. 2010; 12(4):279–85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2010000400010 Duduyemi OA, Oseni S. Modelling heat stress characteristics on layers’ performance traits in southwestern Nigeria. Obafemi Awolowo University; 2012. https://mafiadoc.com/modelling-heat-stress-characteristics-on-layers-tropentag_5a1c050c1723dd6827915938.html Kapetanov M, Pajić M, Ljubojević D, Pelić M. Heat stress in poultry industry. Archives of Veterinary Medicine. 2015; 8(2):87–101. https://niv.ns.ac.rs/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/8.Kapetanov.pdf Behura NC, Kumar F, Samal L, Sethy K, Behera K. Use of Temperature-Humidity Index ( THI ) in energy modeling for broiler breeder pullets in hot and humid climatic conditions. Journal of Livestock Science. 2016; 7:75–83. http://livestockscience.in/wp-content/uploads/brolerodisa.pdf Rojano F, Bournet P-E, Hassouna M, Robin P, Kacira M, Choi CY. Assessment using CFD of the wind direction on the air discharges caused by natural ventilation of a poultry house. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2018; 190(12):724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7105-5 Samal L, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Manimaran A, Bhatta R. Different heat stress indices to quantify stress response in livestock and poultry. In: Rao P, editor. Livestock Meteorology. New Delhi, India: New India Publishing Agency; 2017. https://www.ibpbooks.com/livestock-meteorology-hardbound/p/28080 Habeeb AA, Gad AE, Atta MA. Temperature-humidity indices as indicators to heat stress of climatic conditions with relation to production and reproduction of farm animals. International Journal of Biometeorology and Recent Advances. 2018; 1(1):35–50. https://doi.org/10.18689/ijbr-1000107 Lallo CHO, Cohen J, Rankine D, Taylor M, Cambell J, Stephenson T. Characterizing heat stress on livestock using the temperature humidity index ( THI ) — prospects for a warmer Caribbean. Regional Environmental Change. 2018; 18:2329–2340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1359-x Chang Y, Wang XJ, Feng JH, Zhang MH, Diao HJ, Zhang SS, et al. Real-time variations in body temperature of laying hens with increasing ambient temperature at different relative humidity levels. Poultry Science. 2018; 97:3119–3125. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey184 Zhu W-L, Mu Y, Zhang L, Wang Z. Effect of temperature on body temperature and resting metabolic rate in pups of Eothenomys miletus. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 2013; 9(1):148–156. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/effect-of-temperature-on-body-temperature-and-resting-metabolic-rate-in-pups-of-eothenomys-miletus/viewer Yoshida N, Fujita M, Nakahara M, Kuwahara T, Kawakami SI, Bungo T. Effect of high environmental temperature on egg production, serum lipoproteins and follicle steroid hormones in laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science. 2011; 48(3):207–211. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.010126 Olczak K, Nowicki J, Klocek C. Pig behaviour in relation to weather conditions - A review. Annals of Animal Science. 2015; 15(3):601–610. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0024 Nilius G, Domanski U, Schroeder M, Woehrle H, Graml A, Franke KJ. Mask humidity during CPAP: Influence of ambient temperature, heated humidification and heated tubing. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2018; 10:135–42. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S158856 Jones DD, Friday WH, Deforest SS. Environmental control for confinement livestock housing. Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service. 2015; (Paper 1083). http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/agext/1083 Okpara MO, Egbu CF, Ani AO. Effect of relative humidity on the performance of Nera Black hens in a humid tropical environment. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International. 2016; 9(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.9734/JAERI/2016/18980 Kavolelis B, Bleizgys R, Česna J. Natural ventilation of animal sheds due to thermal buoyancy and wind. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management. 2008; 16(4):188–94. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2008.16.188-194 Raymond C, Singh D, Horton RM. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Synoptics of Extreme Wet-Bulb Temperature in the Contiguous United States. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2017; 122(24):108-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027140 Sherwood SC. How Important Is Humidity in Heat Stress? Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2018; 123(21):808-810. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028969 https://revistas.unisucre.edu.co/index.php/recia/article/download/e753/896 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
| institution |
UNIVERSIDAD DE SUCRE |
| thumbnail |
https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/UNIVERSIDADDESUCRE/logo.png |
| country_str |
Colombia |
| collection |
Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA |
| title |
Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo |
| spellingShingle |
Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo Jongbo, Ayoola Olawole Air temperature Air velocity Heat stress Layer birds Relative humidity Temperature-humidity index Temperatura del aire Velocidad del aire Estrés por calor Capa de pájaro Humedad relativa Índice de temperatura-humedad |
| title_short |
Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo |
| title_full |
Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo |
| title_sort |
evaluación de los parámetros ambientales de la casa de aves de corral enjaulada por batería en el clima tropical húmedo |
| title_eng |
The Evaluation of the environmental parameters of battery-caged poultry house in the humid tropical climate |
| description |
El estrés por calor es un factor clave que afecta la producción de los animales. En aves ponedoras, puede causar pérdida de peso corporal y alta mortalidad. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio en una casa de capas enjaulada y ventilada naturalmente para evaluar los parámetros ambientales y el índice de estrés por calor dentro del edificio durante el período de clima cálido. A lo largo del estudio, se midieron y registraron los parámetros ambientales (temperatura del aire, humedad relativa y velocidad del aire), dentro y fuera del edificio experimental. También se calculó el índice de estrés por calor utilizando el índice de temperatura-humedad (THI). Los resultados del estudio indicaron que las aves ponedoras en este estudio estuvieron sometidas la mayor parte de su vida a condiciones de calor que podrían tener un efecto significativo en su desempeño. También se descubrió que la velocidad del aire dentro del edificio era muy baja (0.07ms-1 a 0.58ms-1) lo que no podía proporcionar un ambiente fresco para las aves. Se encontró que el índice de estrés por calor (THI) dentro del edificio de aves ponedoras está influenciado principalmente por la alta humedad relativa en comparación con la temperatura ambiente. Por lo tanto, sería apropiado evaluarse la distribución del flujo de aire dentro del edificio avícola, utilizando la dinámica de fluidos computacional para comprender el perfil de velocidad dentro del edificio. Esto podría ayudar a los ingenieros a rediseñar el edificio y hacerlo apropiado para poner aves en el clima tropical húmedo.
|
| description_eng |
Heat stress is a key factor affecting the productions of the animals. In laying birds, it could cause loss of body weight and high mortality. To this end, a study was carried out in a naturally ventilated, tier-caged layer house to evaluate the environmental parameters and the heat stress index within the building during hot weather period. Throughout the study, the environmental parameters (air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity), inside and outside the experimental building were measured and recorded. The heat stress index using the temperature-humidity index (THI) was also estimated. The results of the study indicated that laying birds in this study were most of their lifetime subjected to hot conditions which could have a significant effect on their performances. It was also found out that the air velocity within the building was very low (0.07 ms-1 to 0.58 ms1) which could not provide a cool environment for the birds. The heat stress index (THI) inside laying bird building was found to be mostly influenced by high relative humidity compared to ambient temperature. Therefore, it would be appropriate if the airflow distribution inside the poultry building, in this study, could be evaluated using computational fluid dynamics to understand the velocity profile within the building. This could assist engineers to redesign the building and make it appropriate for laying birds in the humid tropical climate.
|
| author |
Jongbo, Ayoola Olawole |
| author_facet |
Jongbo, Ayoola Olawole |
| topic |
Air temperature Air velocity Heat stress Layer birds Relative humidity Temperature-humidity index Temperatura del aire Velocidad del aire Estrés por calor Capa de pájaro Humedad relativa Índice de temperatura-humedad |
| topic_facet |
Air temperature Air velocity Heat stress Layer birds Relative humidity Temperature-humidity index Temperatura del aire Velocidad del aire Estrés por calor Capa de pájaro Humedad relativa Índice de temperatura-humedad |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Temperatura del aire Velocidad del aire Estrés por calor Capa de pájaro Humedad relativa Índice de temperatura-humedad |
| citationvolume |
12 |
| citationissue |
2 |
| citationedition |
Núm. 2 , Año 2020 : RECIA 12(2):JULIO-DICIEMBRE 2020 |
| publisher |
Universidad de Sucre |
| ispartofjournal |
Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA |
| source |
https://revistas.unisucre.edu.co/index.php/recia/article/view/e753 |
| language |
eng |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references_eng |
FAO. Agribusiness Handbook- Poultry meat and eggs. FAO Agribusiness. 2010;65. Mottet A, Tempio G. Global poultry production: Current state and future outlook and challenges. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2017; 73(2):245–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917000071 Daghir NJ. Present status and future of the poultry industry in hot regions. In: Daghir NJ, editor. Poultry Production In Hot Climates. 2nd ed. Trowbridge, UK: CAB International; 2008. http://www.itpnews.com/uploads/2014/02/ITP_FILE_07_1.pdf?direct_access_media=1#page=15 Heise H, Crisan A, Theuvsen L. The poultry market in Nigeria: Market structures and potential for investment in the market. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 2015; 18(Specia lIssue A):197–222. https://www.ifama.org/resources/Documents/v18ia/Heise-Crisan-Thevsen.pdf Sahel. An assessment of the Nigerian poultry sector. Vol. 11, Sahel Capital (Mauritius) Limited. Lagos, Nigeria; 2015. http://sahelcp.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Sahel-Newsletter-Volume-11.pdf Trading Economics. Nigeria Temperature. Trading Economics. 2019 [cited 2019 Nov 25]. https://tradingeconomics.com/nigeria/temperature Nmadu JN, Ogidan IO, Omolehin RA. Profitability and resource use efficiency of poultry egg production in Abuja, Nigeria. Kasetsart Journal - Social Sciences. 2014; 35(1):134–46. http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/Article/TKJS/10960925.pdf Aboki E, Jongur AAU, Onu JI. Productivity and technical efficiency of family poultry production in Kurmi Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability. 2018; 4(1):52–66. https://doi.org/10.22069/jwfst.2018.15021.1747 Afolabi OI, Adegbite DA, Ashaolu OF, Akinbode SO. Profitability and resource-use efficiency in poultry egg farming in Ogun State, Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management. 2013; 7(16):1536–1540. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2013.6955 Tijjani H, Tijani BA, Tijjani AN, Sadiq MA. Economic analysis of poultry egg production in Maiduguri and environs of Borno State, Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science [Internet]. 2012; 2(12):319–324. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ba8d/b6959d098670104452b96f107356087d1643.pdf Adeyemo AA, Onikoyi MP. Prospects and challenges of large scale commercial poultry production in Nigeria. Agricultural Journal. 2012; 7(6):388–393. http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/medwelljournals/aj/2012/388-393.pdf Ezeh CI, Anyiro CO, Chukwu JA. Technical efficiency in poultry broiler production in Umuahia Capital Territory of Abia State , Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2012; 2(1):1–7. www.gjournals.org Fontana I, Tullo E, Butterworth A, Guarino M. Broiler Vocalisation to Predict the Growth. In: Proceedings of Measuring Behaviour, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 2014. https://www.measuringbehavior.org/files/2014/Proceedings/Fontana,%20I.%20-%20MB2014.pdf Ismayilova G. The use of image labelling to identify pig behaviours for the development of a real-time monitoring and control tool. University of Milan; 2013. Chaiyabutr N. Physiological reactions of poultry to heat stress and methods to reduce its effects on poultry production. Thai J Vet Med. 2004; 34(2):17–30. http://www.thaiscience.info/Journals/Article/TJVM/10973644.pdf Ayo JO, Obidi JA, Rekwot PI. Effects of heat stress on the well-being, fertility, and hatchability of chickens in the Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria: A review. ISRN Veterinary Science. 2011; 2011:1–10. https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/838606 Blanes-Vidal V, Fitas V, Torres A. Differential pressure as a control parameter for ventilation in poultry houses: Effect on air velocity in the zone occupied by animals. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 2007; 5(1):31–37. http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/sjar/article/viewFile/220/217 Vale M, Moura D, Nääs I, Pereira D. Characterization of heat waves affecting mortality rates of broilers between 29 days and market age. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola. 2010; 12(4):279–85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2010000400010 Duduyemi OA, Oseni S. Modelling heat stress characteristics on layers’ performance traits in southwestern Nigeria. Obafemi Awolowo University; 2012. https://mafiadoc.com/modelling-heat-stress-characteristics-on-layers-tropentag_5a1c050c1723dd6827915938.html Kapetanov M, Pajić M, Ljubojević D, Pelić M. Heat stress in poultry industry. Archives of Veterinary Medicine. 2015; 8(2):87–101. https://niv.ns.ac.rs/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/8.Kapetanov.pdf Behura NC, Kumar F, Samal L, Sethy K, Behera K. Use of Temperature-Humidity Index ( THI ) in energy modeling for broiler breeder pullets in hot and humid climatic conditions. Journal of Livestock Science. 2016; 7:75–83. http://livestockscience.in/wp-content/uploads/brolerodisa.pdf Rojano F, Bournet P-E, Hassouna M, Robin P, Kacira M, Choi CY. Assessment using CFD of the wind direction on the air discharges caused by natural ventilation of a poultry house. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2018; 190(12):724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7105-5 Samal L, Sejian V, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Manimaran A, Bhatta R. Different heat stress indices to quantify stress response in livestock and poultry. In: Rao P, editor. Livestock Meteorology. New Delhi, India: New India Publishing Agency; 2017. https://www.ibpbooks.com/livestock-meteorology-hardbound/p/28080 Habeeb AA, Gad AE, Atta MA. Temperature-humidity indices as indicators to heat stress of climatic conditions with relation to production and reproduction of farm animals. International Journal of Biometeorology and Recent Advances. 2018; 1(1):35–50. https://doi.org/10.18689/ijbr-1000107 Lallo CHO, Cohen J, Rankine D, Taylor M, Cambell J, Stephenson T. Characterizing heat stress on livestock using the temperature humidity index ( THI ) — prospects for a warmer Caribbean. Regional Environmental Change. 2018; 18:2329–2340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1359-x Chang Y, Wang XJ, Feng JH, Zhang MH, Diao HJ, Zhang SS, et al. Real-time variations in body temperature of laying hens with increasing ambient temperature at different relative humidity levels. Poultry Science. 2018; 97:3119–3125. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey184 Zhu W-L, Mu Y, Zhang L, Wang Z. Effect of temperature on body temperature and resting metabolic rate in pups of Eothenomys miletus. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 2013; 9(1):148–156. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/effect-of-temperature-on-body-temperature-and-resting-metabolic-rate-in-pups-of-eothenomys-miletus/viewer Yoshida N, Fujita M, Nakahara M, Kuwahara T, Kawakami SI, Bungo T. Effect of high environmental temperature on egg production, serum lipoproteins and follicle steroid hormones in laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science. 2011; 48(3):207–211. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.010126 Olczak K, Nowicki J, Klocek C. Pig behaviour in relation to weather conditions - A review. Annals of Animal Science. 2015; 15(3):601–610. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0024 Nilius G, Domanski U, Schroeder M, Woehrle H, Graml A, Franke KJ. Mask humidity during CPAP: Influence of ambient temperature, heated humidification and heated tubing. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2018; 10:135–42. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S158856 Jones DD, Friday WH, Deforest SS. Environmental control for confinement livestock housing. 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