Titulo:
Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados
.
Sumario:
Los sesgos atencionales consisten en el procesamiento preferencial de los estímulos amenazantes, han sido encontrados en adultos con ansiedad tal como predicen varios modelos cognitivos. Sin embargo, los estudios con muestras no clínicas de niños han arrojado resultados inconsistentes. Por consiguiente el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar los efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados entre los 8 y 13 años (n = 110), utilizando la tarea dot-probe. Este estudio no reveló un efecto de la ansiedad rasgo sobre la atención selectiva hacia los estímulos amenazantes. Sin embargo, se observó una diferencia significativa entre los parti... Ver más
Guardado en:
2011-2084
2011-7922
8
2015-01-01
75
90
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
International Journal of Psychological Research - 2015
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Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados sesgos atencionales niños escolarizados muestra no clínica ansiedad estado ansiedad rasgo dot-probe Artículo de revista Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados Los sesgos atencionales consisten en el procesamiento preferencial de los estímulos amenazantes, han sido encontrados en adultos con ansiedad tal como predicen varios modelos cognitivos. Sin embargo, los estudios con muestras no clínicas de niños han arrojado resultados inconsistentes. Por consiguiente el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar los efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados entre los 8 y 13 años (n = 110), utilizando la tarea dot-probe. Este estudio no reveló un efecto de la ansiedad rasgo sobre la atención selectiva hacia los estímulos amenazantes. Sin embargo, se observó una diferencia significativa entre los participantes con ansiedad estado baja y ansiedad estado alta aunque el tamaño del efecto fue pequeño. Específicamente, los participantes con ansiedad estado baja mostraron un sesgo hacia los estímulos amenazantes. En general, los hallazgos de esta investigación con una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados sugieren que los sesgos atencionales hacia la amenaza, que han sido encontrados reiteradamente en los adultos ansiosos, no necesariamente son inherentes a la ansiedad no clínica en los niños y por otro lado la relación entre los sesgos atencionales y la ansiedad en esta población podría estar mediada por otros procesos cognitivos.. Helfinstein, S.M., White, L.K., Bar-Haim, Y., & Fox, N.A. (2008) Affective primes suppress attention bias to threat in socially anxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 799-810. Matthews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (1998). A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 539−560. McHugo, M. (2010) The role of the amygdala in emotion-attention interactions. Vanderbilt Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 33-40. McNaughton, N. (2002) Aminergic Transmitter Systems. In H. D’haenen, J. den Boer & P. Willner (Eds.) Biological Psychiatry. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Ministerio de la Protección social (2003). Estudio nacional sobre salud mental. Bogotá: Ministerio de la Protección Social. Miu, A.C., Heilman, R.M., & Miclea, M. (2009) Reduced heart rate variability and vagal tone in anxiety: Trait versus state, and the effects of autogenic training. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 145, 99-103. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B.P. (1998) A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 809–848. Mogg, K., Bradley, B.P., Bono, J,D., & Painter, M. (1997) Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 297-303. Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C., (1988) Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat. The Quaterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40, 653-670. Mogg, K., Mathews, A., Bird, C., & Macgregor-Morris, R. (1990) Effects of stress and anxiety on the processing of threat stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1230-1237. Naccache, L; Gaillard, R; Adam, C; Hasboun, D; Clémenceau, S; Baulac, M; Dehaene, S. & Cohen, L. (2005) A direct intracranial record of emotions evoked by subliminal words. PNAS, 102 (21), 7713-7717. R E S E A R C H INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Effects of state and trait anxiety in School Children Ortega, Jiménez and Acos ta (2014) int.j.psychol.res. 8 (1) PP. 75 - 90 Mathews, A.M., & Sebastian, S. (1993) Suppression of emotional Stroop effects by fear-arousal. Cognition and Emotion, 7(6), 517-530. MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002) Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 107-123. Mansell, W., Clark, D.M., Ehlers, A., & Chen, Y. (1999) Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 13(6), 673-690. Helzer, E.G., Connor-Smith, J.K., & Reed, M.A. (2009) Traits, states, and attentional gates: Temperament and threat relevance as predictors of attentional bias to social threat. Anxiety Stress Coping, 22(1), 57-76. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in the emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15−20. Lonigan, C.J., & Vasey, M.W. (2009) Negative affectivity, effortful control, and attention to threat-relevant stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 387-399. Legerstee, J.S., Tulen, J., Kallen, V.L., Dieleman, G.C., Treffers, P., Verhulst, F.C., & Utens, E. (2009) Threat-related selective attention predicts treatment success in childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(2), 196-205. Pérez-Edgar, K., Reeb-Sutherland, B., Martin, J., White, L., Henderson, H., Degnan, K., Hane, A., Pine, D., & Fox, N. (2011) Attention biases to threat link behavioral inhibition to social withdrawal over time in very young children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 885-895. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M., & Cuthbert, B.N. (2005). International affective picture system (IAPS): affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical Report A-6. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Koster, E.H.W., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., Van Damme, S., & Wiersema, J.R. (2006) Components of attentional bias to threat in high trait anxiety: Facilitated engagement, impaired disengagement, and attentional avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1757-1771. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Effects of state and trait anxiety in School Children Ortega, Jiménez and Acos ta (2014) int.j.psychol.res. 8 (1) PP. 75 - 90 treatment: a meta-analysis towards the establishment of novel treatment for anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 982–990. Koster, E., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J. (2004) Selective attention to threat in the dot probe paradigm: differentiating vigilance and difficulty to disengage. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1183-1192. Kindt, M., Brosschot, J.F., & Everaerd, W. (1997b) Cognitive processing bias of children in a real life stress situation and a neutral situation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 64(1), 79-97. Kindt, M., Bierman, D., & Brosschot, J. (1997a) Cognitive bias in spider fear and control children: assessment of emotional interference by a card format and a single-trial format of the Stroop task. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 66, 163-179. Öhman, A. (2008) Fear and anxiety: Overlaps and Dissociations. In M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland-Jones & L. Feldman Barret (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions, 709-729. New York: The Guilford Press. Richards, A., French, C., Johnson, W., Naparstek, J., & Williams J. (1992) Effects of mood manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 479-491. Petrowski, K., Herold, U., Joraschky, P., Mück-Weymann, M., & Siepmann, M. (2010). The effects of psychosocial stress on heart rate variability in panic disorder. German Journal of Psychiatry, 66-73. Williams, J.M., Watts, F.N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1988) Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester: Wiley Wells, A., & Matthews, G. (1994) Attention and emotion: a clinical perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. R E S E A R C H INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Effects of state and trait anxiety in School Children Ortega, Jiménez and Acos ta (2014) int.j.psychol.res. 8 (1) PP. 75 - 90 Williams, J.M., Mathews, A., & Macleod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol Bull, 120(1), 3-24. info:eu-repo/semantics/article Vecera, S. & Rizzo, M. (2003). Spatial attention: normal processes and their breakdown. Neurologic Clinics of North America, 21, 575-607. http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Waters, A., Lipp, O., & Spence, S. (2004) Attentional bias toward fear-related stimuli: an investigation with nonselected children and adults and children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 89, 320-337. Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J.W., Leon, A.C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T.A., Marcus, D.J., Westerlund, A., Casey, BJ., & Nelson, C. The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry Research, 168, 242-249. Posner, M.I., & Petersen, S.E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42. Schrooten, M. (2007) Preferential processing in anxiety: selective attention & spatial affective Simon effects. Datawyse, Universitaire Pers Maastricht. Puliafico, A.C., & Kendall, P.C. (2006) Threat-related attentional bias in anxious youth: A review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9(3), 162-180. Reinholdt-Dunne, M.L., Mogg, K., Esbjorn, B.H., & Bradley, B.P. (2011) Effects of age and anxiety on processing threat cues in healthy children. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, In Press, 1-12. Hakamata Y., Lissek, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Britton, J. C., Fox, N. A., Leibenluft, E., Ernst, M., & Pine, D. S. (2010). Attention bias modification Richards, H., Hadwin, J., Benson, V., Wenger, M., & Donelly, N. (2011) The influence of anxiety on processing capacity for threat detection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5, 883-889. Rislov, S. (2009) Reliability of two versions of the dot-probe task using photographic faces. Psychology Science Quarterly, 51(3), 339-350. Salemink, E., van den Hout, M.A., & Kindt, M. (2007) Selective attention and threat: Quick orienting versus slow disengagement and two versions of the dot probe task. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 607-615. Shechner, T., Britton, J., Pérez-Edgar, K., Bar-Haim, Y., Ernst, M., Fox, N., Leibenluft, E., & Pine, D. (2011). Attention biases, anxiety and development: Toward or away from threats or rewards? Depression and Anxiety, 0, 1-13. Telzer, E., Mogg., K., Bradley, B., Ernst, M., Pine, D., & Monk, C. (2008) Relationship between trait anxiety, prefrontal cortex, and attention bias to angry faces in children and adolescents. Biological Psychology, 79, 216-222. Shipp, S. (2004) The brain circuitry of attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 223-230. Spampinato, M.V., Wood., J., De Simone, V., & Grafman, J. (2009) Neural correlates of anxiety in healthy volunteers: a voxel-based morphometry study. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 21, 199-205. Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Theory and research on anxiety. In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety and behavior (p. 3–19). New York: Academic Press. Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R., & Jacobs, G.A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Susa, G., Pitica, I., & Benga, O. (2008) High levels of trait anxiety and attentional biases in preschool and school-aged children. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 12, 309-326. Szyf, M. (2009). The epigenetic impact of early life adversity. In Sassone-Corsi, P. (Ed.) Epigenetic Control and Neuronal Function, 28-34. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience. Taelman, J., Vandeput, S., Spaepen, A., & Van Huffel, S. (2009) Influence of mental stress on heart rate and heart rate variability. In J. Vander Sloten, P. Verdonck, M. Nyssen, J. Haueisen (Eds.) ECIFMBE 2008, IFMBE Proceedings 22, 1366-1369. R E S E A R C H Fox, E. (2002) Processing emotional facial expressions: the role of anxiety and awareness. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2, 52-63. Hadwin, J., & Field, A. (2010) An introduction to the study of information processing biases in childhood anxiety: theoretical and methodological issues. In J.A. Hadwin & A.P. Field (Eds.) Information processing biases and anxiety: a developmental perspective, 1-17. UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Universidad San Buenaventura - USB (Colombia) Bishop, S. J. (2008) Neural mechanisms underlying selective attention to threat. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1129, 141–152. Bishop, S. J. (2007) Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 307–316. Gerrards-Hesse, A., Spies, K., & Hesse, F.W. (1994) Experimental inductions of emotional states and their effectiveness: A review. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 55-78. Berggren, N., Koster, E., & Derakshan, N. (2012). The effect of cognitive load in emotional attention and trait anxiety: An eye movement study. Journal of cognitive psychology, 24(1), 79-91. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and non-anxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1−24. Bar-Haim, Y. (2010) Research review: attention bias modification (ABM): a novel treatment for anxiety disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 859-870. Appelhans, B.M., & Luecken, L.J. (2006) Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding. Review of General Psychology, 10(3), 229-240. Amir, N., Mcnally, R.J., Riemann, B.C., Burns, J., Lorenz, M., Mullen, J.T. (1996) Suppression of the emotional Stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(11-12), 945-948. International Journal of Psychological Research - 2015 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Inglés https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/view/646 International Journal of Psychological Research application/pdf Bishop, S. J., Duncan, J., & Lawrence, A. D. (2004). State anxiety modulation of the amygdala response to unattended threat-related stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 10364–10368. Journal article 1 8 schoolchildren non-clinical sample state anxiety trait anxiety dot-probe attentional bias Acosta Barreto, Rocio Jiménez Solanilla, Karim Ortega Marín, Jeniffer Attentional biases, consisting of a preferential processing of threatening stimuli, have been found in anxious adults as predicted by several cognitive models. However, studies with non-clinical samples of children have provided mixed results. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the effects of state and trait anxiety on the selective attention towards threatening stimuli in a non-clinical sample of school children (age: 8 to 13, n = 110) using the dot-probe task. This study did not reveal an effect of trait anxiety on selective attention towards threatening stimuli. However, a significant difference was found between participants with low state anxiety and high state anxiety. Nevertheless, the effect size was small. Specifically, participants with low state anxiety showed a bias towards threatening stimuli. Overall, the findings of this research with a non-clinical sample of school children suggest that attentional biases towards threatening information, which has been repeatedly found in anxious adults, are not necessarily inherent to non-clinical anxiety in children and on the other hand, the relationship between attentional biases and anxiety in this population might be moderated by other cognitive processes. Bishop, S. J. (2009) Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 92-98. Berntson, G.G. & Cacioppo, J.T. (2004) Heart rate variability: Stress and psychiatric conditions. In M. Malik & A.J. Camm (Eds.) Dynamic Electrocardiography. New York: Blackwell Publising, Inc./Futura Division. Boonnithi, S., & Phongsuphap, S. (2011) Comparison of heart rate variability measures for mental stress detection. Computing in Cardiology, 38, 85-88. Dresler, T., Mériau, K., Heekeren, H., & van der Meer, E. (2009) Emotional Stroop task: effect of word arousal and subject anxiety on emotional interference. Psychological Research, 73, 364-371. Constans, J.I., McCloskey, M.S., Vasterling, J.J., Brailey, K., & Mathews, A. (2004) Suppression of attentional bias in PTSD, 113(2), 315-323. Curley, J.P., Jensen, C.L., Mashoodh, R., & Champagne, F.A. (2011) Social influences on neurobiology and behavior: Epigenetic effects during development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36(3), 352-371. Dalgleish, T., Moradi, A.R., Taghavi, M.R., Neshat-Doost, H.T., & Yule, W. (2001) An experimental investigation of hypervigilance for threat in children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine, 31, 541-547. Dalgleish, T., Taghavi, R., Neshat-Doost, H., Moradi, A., Canterbury, R., Yule, W. (2003) Patterns of processing bias for emotional information across clinical disorders: A comparison of attention, memory, and prospective cognition in children and adolescents with depression, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(1), 10-21. Dennis, T.A., Chen, C., & McCandliss, B.D. (2008) Threat-related attentional biases: An analysis of three attention systems. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 1-10. Derryberry, D., & Reed, M.A. (2002) Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 225-236. Eldar, S., Apter, A., Lotan, D., Perez-Edgar, K., Naim, R., Fox, N.A., Pine, D.S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2012) Attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 213-220. Bradley, B.P., Mogg, K., Millar, N., Bonham-Carter, C., Fergusson, E., Jenkins, J., Parr, M. (1997) Attentional biases for emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 11(1), 25-42. Eldar, S., Ricon, T., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2008) Plasticity in attention: implications for stress response in children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 450-461. Eschenbeck, H., Kohlmann, C.H., Heim-Dreger, U., Koller, D., & Leser, M. (2004) Processing bias and anxiety in primary school children: a modified emotional Stroop colour-naming task using pictorial facial expressions. Psychology Science, 46, 451-465. Eysenck, M.W., & Derakshan, N. (2011) New perspectives in attentional control theory, 50, 955-960. Eysenck, M.W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M.G. (2007) Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. Emotion, 7, 336–353. Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001) Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 681-700. Garner, M. (2010) Selective attention to threat in childhood anxiety: Evidence from visual probe paradigms. In J.A. Hadwin & A.P. Field (Eds.) Information Processing Biases and Anxiety: A Developmental Perspective. UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos (2009) Deontologìa y bioética del ejericio de la psicología en Colombia. Bogotá. Clark, D.A. & Beck, A.T. Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: Science and Practice. New York: The Guilford Press. Publication Castillo, A., & Paternina, A. (2006) Redes atencionales y sistema visual selectivo. Universitas Psychologica, 5(2), 305-325. Cisler, J.M., Bacon, A.K., & Williams, N.L. (2007) Phenomenological characteristics of attentional biases towards threat: a critical review. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 221–234. Bredy, T.W., Sun, Y., Kobor, M.S. (2010) How the epigenome contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(4), 331-342. Brenner, E. (2000) Mood induction in children: Methodological issues and clinical implications. Review of General Psychology, 4(3), 264-283. Carretié, L., Mercado, F., Hinojosa, J.A., Martín-Loeches, M., & Sotillo, M. (2004) Valence-related vigilance biases in anxiety studied through event-related potentials. Journal of Affective Disorders, 78, 119-130. R E S E A R C H INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Effects of state and trait anxiety in School Children Cisler, J.M., & Koster, E. H. W. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: an integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 20-216. Choi, J., & Gutierrez-Osuna, R. (2009) Using heart rate monitors to detect mental stress. IEEE computer society, 219-223. Castrillón, D., & Borrero, P. (2005) Validación del inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo (STAIC) en niños escolarizados entre los 8 y 15 años. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 13, 79-90. Ortega, Jiménez and Acos ta (2014) int.j.psychol.res. 8 (1) PP. 75 - 90 2011-7922 https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/download/646/446 90 2011-2084 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z 2015-01-01 https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.646 10.21500/20112084.646 75 |
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UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN BUENAVENTURA |
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Colombia |
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International Journal of Psychological Research |
| title |
Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados |
| spellingShingle |
Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados Acosta Barreto, Rocio Jiménez Solanilla, Karim Ortega Marín, Jeniffer sesgos atencionales niños escolarizados muestra no clínica ansiedad estado ansiedad rasgo dot-probe schoolchildren non-clinical sample state anxiety trait anxiety dot-probe attentional bias |
| title_short |
Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados |
| title_full |
Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados |
| title_fullStr |
Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados |
| title_sort |
efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados |
| description |
Los sesgos atencionales consisten en el procesamiento preferencial de los estímulos amenazantes, han sido encontrados en adultos con ansiedad tal como predicen varios modelos cognitivos. Sin embargo, los estudios con muestras no clínicas de niños han arrojado resultados inconsistentes. Por consiguiente el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar los efectos de la ansiedad estado-rasgo sobre la atención selectiva a estímulos amenazantes en una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados entre los 8 y 13 años (n = 110), utilizando la tarea dot-probe. Este estudio no reveló un efecto de la ansiedad rasgo sobre la atención selectiva hacia los estímulos amenazantes. Sin embargo, se observó una diferencia significativa entre los participantes con ansiedad estado baja y ansiedad estado alta aunque el tamaño del efecto fue pequeño. Específicamente, los participantes con ansiedad estado baja mostraron un sesgo hacia los estímulos amenazantes. En general, los hallazgos de esta investigación con una muestra no clínica de niños escolarizados sugieren que los sesgos atencionales hacia la amenaza, que han sido encontrados reiteradamente en los adultos ansiosos, no necesariamente son inherentes a la ansiedad no clínica en los niños y por otro lado la relación entre los sesgos atencionales y la ansiedad en esta población podría estar mediada por otros procesos cognitivos..
|
| description_eng |
Attentional biases, consisting of a preferential processing of threatening stimuli, have been found in anxious adults as predicted by several cognitive models. However, studies with non-clinical samples of children have provided mixed results. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the effects of state and trait anxiety on the selective attention towards threatening stimuli in a non-clinical sample of school children (age: 8 to 13, n = 110) using the dot-probe task. This study did not reveal an effect of trait anxiety on selective attention towards threatening stimuli. However, a significant difference was found between participants with low state anxiety and high state anxiety. Nevertheless, the effect size was small. Specifically, participants with low state anxiety showed a bias towards threatening stimuli. Overall, the findings of this research with a non-clinical sample of school children suggest that attentional biases towards threatening information, which has been repeatedly found in anxious adults, are not necessarily inherent to non-clinical anxiety in children and on the other hand, the relationship between attentional biases and anxiety in this population might be moderated by other cognitive processes.
|
| author |
Acosta Barreto, Rocio Jiménez Solanilla, Karim Ortega Marín, Jeniffer |
| author_facet |
Acosta Barreto, Rocio Jiménez Solanilla, Karim Ortega Marín, Jeniffer |
| topicspa_str_mv |
sesgos atencionales niños escolarizados muestra no clínica ansiedad estado ansiedad rasgo dot-probe |
| topic |
sesgos atencionales niños escolarizados muestra no clínica ansiedad estado ansiedad rasgo dot-probe schoolchildren non-clinical sample state anxiety trait anxiety dot-probe attentional bias |
| topic_facet |
sesgos atencionales niños escolarizados muestra no clínica ansiedad estado ansiedad rasgo dot-probe schoolchildren non-clinical sample state anxiety trait anxiety dot-probe attentional bias |
| citationvolume |
8 |
| citationissue |
1 |
| publisher |
Universidad San Buenaventura - USB (Colombia) |
| ispartofjournal |
International Journal of Psychological Research |
| source |
https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/view/646 |
| language |
Inglés |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 International Journal of Psychological Research - 2015 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
| references_eng |
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Ortega, Jiménez and Acos ta (2014) int.j.psychol.res. 8 (1) PP. 75 - 90 |
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