Titulo:
Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación
.
Sumario:
Introducción: La presencia del síndrome metabólico y el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes VIH positivos ha sido desestimado en pacientes con infección por VIH. Objetivos: Evaluar la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y comparar la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular según las ecuaciones de Framingham, PROCAM y SCORE en pacientes con VIH. Metodología: estudio transversal de 760 adultos infectados por el VIH en el periodo enero de 2016-diciembre de 2018. Se evaluó la presencia de síndrome metabólico a través de los criterios del ATP-III y se examinó la puntuación de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron el tabaquismo, la hipercolesterolemia y la hipertensión arterial. Se realizó la prueba T de Stud... Ver más
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Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá - 2022
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Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación Frequency of metabolic syndrome and stratification of cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV by using three scoring systems Introducción: La presencia del síndrome metabólico y el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes VIH positivos ha sido desestimado en pacientes con infección por VIH. Objetivos: Evaluar la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y comparar la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular según las ecuaciones de Framingham, PROCAM y SCORE en pacientes con VIH. Metodología: estudio transversal de 760 adultos infectados por el VIH en el periodo enero de 2016-diciembre de 2018. Se evaluó la presencia de síndrome metabólico a través de los criterios del ATP-III y se examinó la puntuación de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron el tabaquismo, la hipercolesterolemia y la hipertensión arterial. Se realizó la prueba T de Student, y a partir de ella se lograron apreciar diferencias en categorización de riesgo bajo a moderado. El número de pacientes varones infectados por el VIH identificados como de riesgo cardiovascular moderado según la ecuación de riesgo de Framingham fue mayor del doble en comparación con los sistemas PROCAM y SCORE. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró una alta prevalencia de pacientes con bajo riesgo cardiovascular. Es pertinente considerar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH, ya que estos se encuentran frecuentemente asociados con desenlaces adversos de este tipo. Introduction: The presence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in HIV positive patients has been overlooked in patients with HIV infection. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of metabolic syndrome and compare cardiovascular risk stratification according to the Framingham, PROCAM, and SCORE equations in HIV patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 760 HIV-infected adults from January 2016 to December 2018. The presence of metabolic syndrome was assessed using the ATP-III criteria, and the cardiovascular risk score was examined. Results: The most frequent comorbidities were smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and high blood pressure. Student’s T test was carried out, showing differences in the classification of low to moderate risk. The number of HIV-infected male patients identified as having moderate cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham risk equation was two folds compared to those with the PROCAM and SCORE systems. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of patients with low cardiovascular risk. It is appropriate to consider cardiovascular risk factors in patients with HIV, since they are very frequently associated with adverse outcomes of this type Dulcey-Sarmiento, Luis Andres Castillo-Blanco, Jhon Fredy Theran-Leon, Juan Sebastian Caltagirone-Miceli, Raimondo Pineda-Parada, Jonathan Antonio VIH factores de riesgo mortalidad prevalencia HIV risk factors mortality prevalence HIV fatores de risco mortalidade prevalência 9 1 Núm. 1 , Año 2022 : Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá Artículo de revista Journal article 2022-03-31T00:00:00Z 2022-03-31T00:00:00Z 2022-03-31 application/pdf text/xml application/pdf text/xml Universidad de Boyacá Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá 2389-7325 2539-2018 https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/rs/article/view/762 10.24267/23897325.762 https://doi.org/10.24267/23897325.762 spa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá - 2022 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0. 17 29 Grinspoon S, Carr A. Cardiovascular risk and body-fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med 2005;352:48-62. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra041811 Volberding PA, Murphy RL, Barbaro G, Barbarini G, Bruno R, Cirelli A, et al. The Pavia consensus statement. AIDS 2003;17(Suppl 1):S170-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200304001-00021 Dube MP, Stein JH, Aberg JA, Fichtenbaum CJ, Gerber JG, Tashimaet KT, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults receiving anti- retroviral therapy: recommendations of the HIV Medical Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America and the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:613-27. https://doi.org/10.1086/378131 National Cholesterol Education Program. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 Anderson KV, Wilson PWF, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation. 1991;83:356-62. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.83.1.356 Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Ramsay LE. Sheffield risk and treatment table for cholesterol lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1995;346:1467-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92477-9 Ramsay LE, Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Pickin DM, Payne JN. Targeting lipid-lowering drug therapy for primary prevention of coronary disease: an update Sheffield table. Lancet. 1996;348:387-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7267.983 Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837-1847. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.97.18.1837 Menotti A, Puddu PE, Lanti M. Comparison of the Framingham risk function-based coronary chart with risk function from an Italian population study. Eur Heart J 2000;21:365-370. https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.1999.1864 Menotti A, Lanti M, Puddu PE, Kromhout D. Coronary heart disease incidence in northern and southern European populations: a reanalysis of the seven countries study for a European coronary risk chart. Heart. 2000;84:238-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.84.3.238 Thomsen TF, McGee D, Davidsen M, Jørgensen T. A cross-validation of risk-scores for coronary heart disease mortality based on data from the Glostrup Population Studies and Framingham Heart Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:817-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.4.817 Empana JP, Ducimetiere P, Arveiler D, Ferrières J, Evans A, Ruidavets JB, et al. Are the Framingham and PROCAM coronary heart disease functions applicable to different European populations? The PRIME Study. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1903-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2003.09.002 Friis-Moller N, Weber R, Reiss P, Thiébaut R, Kirk O, d'Arminio Monforte A, et al., for the DAD study group. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients: association with antirretroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study. AIDS. 2003;17:1179-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200305230-00010 Savès M, Chêne G, Ducimetière P, Leport C, Le Moal G, Amouyel P, et al., for the French WHO MONICA Project and the APROCO (ANRS EP11) Study Group. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:292-8. https://doi.org/10.1086/375844 Smith CJ, Levy I, Sabin CA, Kaya E, Johnson MA, Lipman MC. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and antirretroviral therapy in an HIV-positive UK population. HIV Med. 2004 Mar;5(2):88-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00191.x Dolan SE, Hadigan C, Killilea KM, Sullivan MP, Hemphill L, Lees RS, et al. Increased cardiovascular disease risk indices in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:44-54. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000159323.59250.83 Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Wilson PWF, D'Agostino RB, Davis B, Basgoz N, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:909-16. https://doi.org/10.1086/368185 Bergersen BM, Sandvik L, Bruun JN, Tonstad S. Elevated Framingham risk score in HIV-positive patients on highly active antirretroviral therapy: results from a Norwegian study of 721 subjects. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004;23:625-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-004-1177-6 Law MG, Friis-Moller N, El-Sadr WM, Weber R, Reiss P, D'Arminio Monforte A, et al., D:A:D Study Group. The use of the Framingham equation to predict myocardial infarctions in HIV-infected patients: comparison with observed events in the D:A:D Study. HIV Med. 2006;7:218-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00362.x Assman G, Cullen P, Schulte H. Simple scoring scheme for calculating the risk of acute coronary events based on the 10-year follow-up of the prospective cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study. Circulation. 2002;105:310-5. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0302.102575 De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al., European Society of Cardiology. American Heart Association. American College of Cardiology. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). Atherosclerosis. 2004;173:381-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000087913.96265.e2 Jericó C, Knobel H, Montero M, Ordoñez-Llanos J, Guelar A, Gimeno JL, et al. Metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected patients: prevalence, characteristics and related factors. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:132-7. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.1.132 Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-V). Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:154-83. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1993.00410020010002 Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel II). JAMA. 1993;269:3015-23. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 Pyörälä K. Assessment of coronary heart disease risk in populations with different levels risk. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:348-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3 https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/rs/article/download/762/708 https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/rs/article/download/762/794 https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/rs/article/download/762/709 https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/rs/article/download/762/795 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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UNIVERSIDAD DE BOYACÁ |
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Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá |
| title |
Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación |
| spellingShingle |
Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación Dulcey-Sarmiento, Luis Andres Castillo-Blanco, Jhon Fredy Theran-Leon, Juan Sebastian Caltagirone-Miceli, Raimondo Pineda-Parada, Jonathan Antonio factores de riesgo mortalidad prevalencia risk factors mortality prevalence fatores de risco mortalidade prevalência |
| title_short |
Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación |
| title_full |
Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación |
| title_fullStr |
Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH mediante tres sistemas de puntuación |
| title_sort |
frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con vih mediante tres sistemas de puntuación |
| title_eng |
Frequency of metabolic syndrome and stratification of cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV by using three scoring systems |
| description |
Introducción: La presencia del síndrome metabólico y el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes VIH positivos ha sido desestimado en pacientes con infección por VIH. Objetivos: Evaluar la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico y comparar la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular según las ecuaciones de Framingham, PROCAM y SCORE en pacientes con VIH. Metodología: estudio transversal de 760 adultos infectados por el VIH en el periodo enero de 2016-diciembre de 2018. Se evaluó la presencia de síndrome metabólico a través de los criterios del ATP-III y se examinó la puntuación de riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron el tabaquismo, la hipercolesterolemia y la hipertensión arterial. Se realizó la prueba T de Student, y a partir de ella se lograron apreciar diferencias en categorización de riesgo bajo a moderado. El número de pacientes varones infectados por el VIH identificados como de riesgo cardiovascular moderado según la ecuación de riesgo de Framingham fue mayor del doble en comparación con los sistemas PROCAM y SCORE. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró una alta prevalencia de pacientes con bajo riesgo cardiovascular. Es pertinente considerar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con VIH, ya que estos se encuentran frecuentemente asociados con desenlaces adversos de este tipo.
|
| description_eng |
Introduction: The presence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in HIV positive patients has been overlooked in patients with HIV infection. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of metabolic syndrome and compare cardiovascular risk stratification according to the Framingham, PROCAM, and SCORE equations in HIV patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 760 HIV-infected adults from January 2016 to December 2018. The presence of metabolic syndrome was assessed using the ATP-III criteria, and the cardiovascular risk score was examined. Results: The most frequent comorbidities were smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and high blood pressure. Student’s T test was carried out, showing differences in the classification of low to moderate risk. The number of HIV-infected male patients identified as having moderate cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham risk equation was two folds compared to those with the PROCAM and SCORE systems. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of patients with low cardiovascular risk. It is appropriate to consider cardiovascular risk factors in patients with HIV, since they are very frequently associated with adverse outcomes of this type
|
| author |
Dulcey-Sarmiento, Luis Andres Castillo-Blanco, Jhon Fredy Theran-Leon, Juan Sebastian Caltagirone-Miceli, Raimondo Pineda-Parada, Jonathan Antonio |
| author_facet |
Dulcey-Sarmiento, Luis Andres Castillo-Blanco, Jhon Fredy Theran-Leon, Juan Sebastian Caltagirone-Miceli, Raimondo Pineda-Parada, Jonathan Antonio |
| topicspa_str_mv |
factores de riesgo mortalidad prevalencia |
| topic |
factores de riesgo mortalidad prevalencia risk factors mortality prevalence fatores de risco mortalidade prevalência |
| topic_facet |
factores de riesgo mortalidad prevalencia risk factors mortality prevalence fatores de risco mortalidade prevalência |
| citationvolume |
9 |
| citationissue |
1 |
| citationedition |
Núm. 1 , Año 2022 : Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá |
| publisher |
Universidad de Boyacá |
| ispartofjournal |
Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá |
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https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/rs/article/view/762 |
| language |
spa |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Revista Investigación en Salud Universidad de Boyacá - 2022 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references |
Grinspoon S, Carr A. Cardiovascular risk and body-fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med 2005;352:48-62. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra041811 Volberding PA, Murphy RL, Barbaro G, Barbarini G, Bruno R, Cirelli A, et al. The Pavia consensus statement. AIDS 2003;17(Suppl 1):S170-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200304001-00021 Dube MP, Stein JH, Aberg JA, Fichtenbaum CJ, Gerber JG, Tashimaet KT, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults receiving anti- retroviral therapy: recommendations of the HIV Medical Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America and the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:613-27. https://doi.org/10.1086/378131 National Cholesterol Education Program. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 Anderson KV, Wilson PWF, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation. 1991;83:356-62. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.83.1.356 Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Ramsay LE. Sheffield risk and treatment table for cholesterol lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1995;346:1467-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92477-9 Ramsay LE, Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Pickin DM, Payne JN. Targeting lipid-lowering drug therapy for primary prevention of coronary disease: an update Sheffield table. Lancet. 1996;348:387-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7267.983 Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837-1847. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.97.18.1837 Menotti A, Puddu PE, Lanti M. Comparison of the Framingham risk function-based coronary chart with risk function from an Italian population study. Eur Heart J 2000;21:365-370. https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.1999.1864 Menotti A, Lanti M, Puddu PE, Kromhout D. Coronary heart disease incidence in northern and southern European populations: a reanalysis of the seven countries study for a European coronary risk chart. Heart. 2000;84:238-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.84.3.238 Thomsen TF, McGee D, Davidsen M, Jørgensen T. A cross-validation of risk-scores for coronary heart disease mortality based on data from the Glostrup Population Studies and Framingham Heart Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:817-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.4.817 Empana JP, Ducimetiere P, Arveiler D, Ferrières J, Evans A, Ruidavets JB, et al. Are the Framingham and PROCAM coronary heart disease functions applicable to different European populations? The PRIME Study. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1903-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2003.09.002 Friis-Moller N, Weber R, Reiss P, Thiébaut R, Kirk O, d'Arminio Monforte A, et al., for the DAD study group. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients: association with antirretroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study. AIDS. 2003;17:1179-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200305230-00010 Savès M, Chêne G, Ducimetière P, Leport C, Le Moal G, Amouyel P, et al., for the French WHO MONICA Project and the APROCO (ANRS EP11) Study Group. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:292-8. https://doi.org/10.1086/375844 Smith CJ, Levy I, Sabin CA, Kaya E, Johnson MA, Lipman MC. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and antirretroviral therapy in an HIV-positive UK population. HIV Med. 2004 Mar;5(2):88-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00191.x Dolan SE, Hadigan C, Killilea KM, Sullivan MP, Hemphill L, Lees RS, et al. Increased cardiovascular disease risk indices in HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:44-54. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000159323.59250.83 Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Wilson PWF, D'Agostino RB, Davis B, Basgoz N, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease risk in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:909-16. https://doi.org/10.1086/368185 Bergersen BM, Sandvik L, Bruun JN, Tonstad S. Elevated Framingham risk score in HIV-positive patients on highly active antirretroviral therapy: results from a Norwegian study of 721 subjects. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004;23:625-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-004-1177-6 Law MG, Friis-Moller N, El-Sadr WM, Weber R, Reiss P, D'Arminio Monforte A, et al., D:A:D Study Group. The use of the Framingham equation to predict myocardial infarctions in HIV-infected patients: comparison with observed events in the D:A:D Study. HIV Med. 2006;7:218-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00362.x Assman G, Cullen P, Schulte H. Simple scoring scheme for calculating the risk of acute coronary events based on the 10-year follow-up of the prospective cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study. Circulation. 2002;105:310-5. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0302.102575 De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al., European Society of Cardiology. American Heart Association. American College of Cardiology. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). Atherosclerosis. 2004;173:381-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000087913.96265.e2 Jericó C, Knobel H, Montero M, Ordoñez-Llanos J, Guelar A, Gimeno JL, et al. Metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected patients: prevalence, characteristics and related factors. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:132-7. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.1.132 Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-V). Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:154-83. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1993.00410020010002 Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel II). JAMA. 1993;269:3015-23. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 Pyörälä K. Assessment of coronary heart disease risk in populations with different levels risk. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:348-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00114-3 |
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