Titulo:
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
.
Sumario:
Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from th... Ver más
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Richard Albert, Juliano Zaiden Benvindo, Milton César Jiménez Ramírez, Cristian Villalonga - 2022
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Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications. Algunos cambios constitucionales son enmiendas constitucionales solo de nombre. En ocasiones, estos desmantelan la estructura básica de la constitución y, al mismo tiempo, sientan nuevos fundamentos para ella sobre principios contrarios a los antiguos. No debemos comprender los cambios a esta escala como meras enmiendas. Ellos se entienden mejor como desmembramientos constitucionales; es decir, esfuerzos deliberados por repudiar las características esenciales de la constitución y reemplazar sus fundamentos. Estos cambios re-articulan una o más de sus partes elementales, al alterar un derecho fundamental, el diseño institucional de su regulación orgánica o un aspecto determinante de su identidad. En el presente trabajo examinamos tres jurisdicciones de América Latina –Brasil, Chile y Colombia– para ilustrar este fenómeno y exponer sus variaciones y consecuencias. Albert, Richard Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Villalonga, Cristian Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, Constitución de Brasil, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution 52 Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto Artículo de revista Journal article 2022-04-28T10:28:55Z 2022-04-28T10:28:55Z 2022-04-28 application/pdf text/html text/xml Departamento de Derecho Constitucional Revista Derecho del Estado 0122-9893 2346-2051 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/view/7798 10.18601/01229893.n52.04 https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n52.04 spa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Richard Albert, Juliano Zaiden Benvindo, Milton César Jiménez Ramírez, Cristian Villalonga - 2022 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. 93 133 Albert, R. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Albert, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. In The Yale Journal of International Law. 43, 2018. Andrade, C. La Reforma a la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980. Santiago: Jurídica, 2002. Albert, R. Formas y función de la enmienda constitucional. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2017. Arase, D. Japan, the Active State? Security Policy after 9/11. In Asian Survey. Vol. 47, 2007. Atria, F. La Constitución tramposa. Santiago: lom, 2013. Arcoverde, L. Orçamento do governo federal prevê cortes para educação básica em 2020. G1, Sep. 13, 2019. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/09/13/orcamento-do-governo-federal-preve-cortes-para-educacao-basica-em-2020.ghtml [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Balkin, J.M. and Levinson, S. Understanding the Constitutional Revolution. In Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, 2001. Barbosa, L. História constitucional brasileira: mudança constitucional, autoritarismo e democracia no Brasil pós-1964. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, 2012. Benvindo, J.Z. The Forgotten People in Brazilian Constitutionalism: Revisiting Behavior Strategic Analyses of Regime Transitions. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 15, 2017. Benvindo, J.Z. Brazil in the Context of the Debate over Unamendability in Latin America. In Albert, R., and Oder, B. (eds.), An Unamendable Constitution? Heidelberg: Springer, 2018. Benvindo, J.Z. Constitutional Moments and Constitutional Thresholds in Brazil: Mass Protests and the “Performative Meaning” of Constitutionalism. In Albert, R., Bernal, C., and Benvindo, J.Z. (eds.), Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Oxford: Hart, 2019. Benvindo, J.Z. The Brazilian Constitutional Amendment Rate: A Culture of Change? In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. August 10, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/08/the-brazilian-constitutional-amendment-ratea-culture-of-change/ [accessed: February 21, 2020]. Bernal, C. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2013, 339-357. Bernal, C., Barbosa, G., and Ciro, A. Justicia Transicional: retos teóricos. Vol. 1. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2016. Bunker, K. La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile. In Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política. 9, 2, 2018. Cajas, M. La historia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, 1886-1991. Tomo II. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes and icesi, 2015. Câmara dos Deputados. November 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/609406-bolsonaro-entrega-pacote-de-medidas-economicas-ao-congresso [accessed: February 21, 2020]. CEA, J.L. Introducción. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Cooley, T. The Power to Amend the Federal Constitution. In Michigan Law Journal. Vol. 2, 1893. Cristaldo, H. Presidente da Câmara diz que é contra nova assembleia constituinte. Agência Brasil, November 19, 2019. Available at: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2019-11/presidente-da-camara-diz-que-e-contra-nova-assembleia-constituinte [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009. Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Fernández, M.A. Fortalezas y debilidades de la Constitución actual. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters. 2014. Foner, E. Blacks and the Constitution 1789-1989. In New Left Review. Vol. 183, 1990. Fuentes, C. A Matter of Few: Dynamics of Constitutional Change in Chile 1990-2010. In Texas Law Review 89, 2011. Fuentes, C. El Pacto. Poder, Constitución y prácticas políticas en Chile (1990-2010). Santiago: Universidad Diego Portales, 2012. Fuentes, C. Shifting the Status Quo. Constitutional Reforms in Chile. In Latin American Politics and Society. 57, 1, 2015. García, J.F. (ed.). ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Ginsburg, T. ¿Fruto de la parra envenenada? Algunas observaciones comparadas sobre la Constitución chilena. In Estudios Públicos. 133, 2014. Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. Does the Constitutional Amendment Rule Matter at All? Amendment Cultures and the Challenges of Measuring Amendment Difficulty. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 13, 2015. Gómez, A. La reforma del plebiscito, 1957. Bogotá: El Tiempo, 1991. Greene, J. Originalism’s Race Problem. In Denver University Law Review. Vol. 88, 2011. Hahm, C., and Kim, S.H. To Make “We the People”: Constitutional Founding in Postwar Japan and South Korea. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 8, 2010. Heiss, C., and Navia, P. You Win Some, You Lose Some: Constitutional Reforms in Chile’s Transition to Democracy. In Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 3, 2007. Heiss, C. Legitimacy Crisis and the Constitutional Problem in Chile: A Legacy of Authoritarianism. In Constellations. 24, 3, 2017. Hube, C. Hacia un presidencialismo moderado. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Ilhéu, T. Governo prevê mais cortes para o mec em 2020. In Guia do Estudante. September 2, 2019. Available at: https://guiadoestudante.abril.com.br/universidades/governo-prevemais-cortes-para-o-mec-em-2020/ [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Joignant, A., and Fuentes, C. (ed.). La solución constitucional. Santiago: Catalonia. 2015. Lagos, R. Una Constitución para el Chile del Bicentenario. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Levinson, S. Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Marshall, T. The Constitution’s Bicentennial: Commemorating the Wrong Document? In Vanderbilt Law Review. Vol. 40, 1987. Melo, J.O. Historia mínima de Colombia. Madrid: Turner, 2017. Mazzone, J. Unamendments. In Iowa Law Review. Vol. 90, 2005. Mendonça, H., and Oliveira, R. Os inaposentáveis: O limbo da Previdência brasileira. 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La nueva Constitución que Chile merece y necesita. Santiago: Universidad Católica de Chile, 2015. Zúñiga, F. (ed.). Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/13190 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/13191 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/13192 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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Revista Derecho del Estado |
| title |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
| spellingShingle |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America Albert, Richard Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Villalonga, Cristian Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, Constitución de Brasil, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution |
| title_short |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
| title_full |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
| title_fullStr |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
| title_sort |
constitutional dismemberment in latin america |
| title_eng |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
| description |
Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications.
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| description_eng |
Algunos cambios constitucionales son enmiendas constitucionales solo de nombre. En ocasiones, estos desmantelan la estructura básica de la constitución y, al mismo tiempo, sientan nuevos fundamentos para ella sobre principios contrarios a los antiguos. No debemos comprender los cambios a esta escala como meras enmiendas. Ellos se entienden mejor como desmembramientos constitucionales; es decir, esfuerzos deliberados por repudiar las características esenciales de la constitución y reemplazar sus fundamentos. Estos cambios re-articulan una o más de sus partes elementales, al alterar un derecho fundamental, el diseño institucional de su regulación orgánica o un aspecto determinante de su identidad. En el presente trabajo examinamos tres jurisdicciones de América Latina –Brasil, Chile y Colombia– para ilustrar este fenómeno y exponer sus variaciones y consecuencias.
|
| author |
Albert, Richard Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Villalonga, Cristian |
| author_facet |
Albert, Richard Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Villalonga, Cristian |
| topic |
Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, Constitución de Brasil, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution |
| topic_facet |
Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, Constitución de Brasil, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution |
| citationissue |
52 |
| citationedition |
Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto |
| publisher |
Departamento de Derecho Constitucional |
| ispartofjournal |
Revista Derecho del Estado |
| source |
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/view/7798 |
| language |
spa |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Richard Albert, Juliano Zaiden Benvindo, Milton César Jiménez Ramírez, Cristian Villalonga - 2022 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references |
Albert, R. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Albert, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. In The Yale Journal of International Law. 43, 2018. Andrade, C. La Reforma a la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980. Santiago: Jurídica, 2002. Albert, R. Formas y función de la enmienda constitucional. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2017. Arase, D. Japan, the Active State? Security Policy after 9/11. In Asian Survey. Vol. 47, 2007. Atria, F. La Constitución tramposa. Santiago: lom, 2013. Arcoverde, L. Orçamento do governo federal prevê cortes para educação básica em 2020. G1, Sep. 13, 2019. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/09/13/orcamento-do-governo-federal-preve-cortes-para-educacao-basica-em-2020.ghtml [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Balkin, J.M. and Levinson, S. Understanding the Constitutional Revolution. In Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, 2001. Barbosa, L. História constitucional brasileira: mudança constitucional, autoritarismo e democracia no Brasil pós-1964. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, 2012. Benvindo, J.Z. The Forgotten People in Brazilian Constitutionalism: Revisiting Behavior Strategic Analyses of Regime Transitions. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 15, 2017. Benvindo, J.Z. Brazil in the Context of the Debate over Unamendability in Latin America. In Albert, R., and Oder, B. (eds.), An Unamendable Constitution? Heidelberg: Springer, 2018. Benvindo, J.Z. Constitutional Moments and Constitutional Thresholds in Brazil: Mass Protests and the “Performative Meaning” of Constitutionalism. In Albert, R., Bernal, C., and Benvindo, J.Z. (eds.), Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Oxford: Hart, 2019. Benvindo, J.Z. The Brazilian Constitutional Amendment Rate: A Culture of Change? In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. August 10, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/08/the-brazilian-constitutional-amendment-ratea-culture-of-change/ [accessed: February 21, 2020]. Bernal, C. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2013, 339-357. Bernal, C., Barbosa, G., and Ciro, A. Justicia Transicional: retos teóricos. Vol. 1. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2016. Bunker, K. La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile. In Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política. 9, 2, 2018. Cajas, M. La historia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, 1886-1991. Tomo II. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes and icesi, 2015. Câmara dos Deputados. November 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/609406-bolsonaro-entrega-pacote-de-medidas-economicas-ao-congresso [accessed: February 21, 2020]. CEA, J.L. Introducción. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Cooley, T. The Power to Amend the Federal Constitution. In Michigan Law Journal. Vol. 2, 1893. Cristaldo, H. Presidente da Câmara diz que é contra nova assembleia constituinte. Agência Brasil, November 19, 2019. Available at: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2019-11/presidente-da-camara-diz-que-e-contra-nova-assembleia-constituinte [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009. Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Fernández, M.A. Fortalezas y debilidades de la Constitución actual. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters. 2014. Foner, E. Blacks and the Constitution 1789-1989. In New Left Review. Vol. 183, 1990. Fuentes, C. A Matter of Few: Dynamics of Constitutional Change in Chile 1990-2010. In Texas Law Review 89, 2011. Fuentes, C. El Pacto. Poder, Constitución y prácticas políticas en Chile (1990-2010). Santiago: Universidad Diego Portales, 2012. Fuentes, C. Shifting the Status Quo. Constitutional Reforms in Chile. In Latin American Politics and Society. 57, 1, 2015. García, J.F. (ed.). ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Ginsburg, T. ¿Fruto de la parra envenenada? 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