Titulo:
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023
.
Sumario:
Las relaciones entre Turquía e Iraq han conocido diferentes etapas entre 2003 y 2023. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las constantes premisas y los hechos cambiantes de la relación entre los dos vecinos desde el punto de vista turco. De esta forma, se busca explicar cómo los aspectos económicos y las cuestiones de seguridad fronteriza están en el corazón de la diplomacia turca. A partir de la llegada al poder del AKP y de su líder Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, la visión turca y su estrategia en el Medio Oriente, e Iraq en especial, han conocido diferentes momentos. Esto ha dependido del contexto regional o del contexto doméstico turco, que a lo largo de los años ha demostrado una relación bilateral compleja, dependiente de varios factores.... Ver más
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Mohamed Badine El Yattioui, Yassine El Yattioui - 2023
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The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 Las relaciones entre Turquía e Iraq han conocido diferentes etapas entre 2003 y 2023. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las constantes premisas y los hechos cambiantes de la relación entre los dos vecinos desde el punto de vista turco. De esta forma, se busca explicar cómo los aspectos económicos y las cuestiones de seguridad fronteriza están en el corazón de la diplomacia turca. A partir de la llegada al poder del AKP y de su líder Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, la visión turca y su estrategia en el Medio Oriente, e Iraq en especial, han conocido diferentes momentos. Esto ha dependido del contexto regional o del contexto doméstico turco, que a lo largo de los años ha demostrado una relación bilateral compleja, dependiente de varios factores. Relations between Türkiye and Iraq have gone through different stages between 2003 and 2023. The objective of our article is to analyze the constants and evolution of the relationship between the two neighbors from the Turkish perspective. We try to explain how economic aspects and border security issues are at the heart of Turkish diplomacy. Since the AKP and its leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan came to power, the Turkish vision and strategy in the Middle East, and in Iraq in particular, have passed through different moments which depended on the regional context or the Turkish domestic context – a complex bilateral relationship that depends on several factors. Badine El Yattioui, Mohamed El Yattioui, Yassine Türkiye; Iraq; diplomacy; strategy; economy Turquía; Irak; diplomacia; estrategia; economía 39 Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio Artículo de revista Journal article 2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2023-12-01 application/pdf text/html text/xml Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales Oasis 1657-7558 2346-2132 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/9094 10.18601/16577558.n39.06 https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n39.06 spa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Mohamed Badine El Yattioui, Yassine El Yattioui - 2023 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. 87 102 Ahmadzadeh, H., & Stansfield G. (2010). The political, cultural, and military re-awakening of the Kurdish nationalist movement in Iran. The Middle East Journal, 64(1), 25. Aksu, K. (2020). Turkey: A Regional Power in the Making. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Ari, C. T., & Munassar, O. (2020). Two stages of Turkey’s quest for a regional power status in the Middle East: An integrated role-status-seeking approach. Gazi Akademik Bakis-Gazi Academic View, 14(27), 1-29. https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/414146/two-stages-of-turkeysquest-for-a-regional-power-status-in-the-middleeast-an-integrated-role-status-seeking-approach Azhari, T. (2023, May 27). Iraq launches $17 billion road and rail project to link Asia and Europe. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/iraqlaunches-17bn-road-rail-project-link-asia-europe-2023-05-27/ Babacan, M. (2011). Whither an axis shift: A perspective from Turkey’s foreign Trade. Insight Turkey, 13,(1), 152. Bozarslan, H. (1997). La question kurde : Etat et minorites au Moyen-Orient. Presses de Sciences Po. https://doi.org/10.3917/scpo.bozar.1997.01 Burdy, J., & Marcou, J. (2013). Le cheminement complexe des nouvelles relations turco-arabes. Herodote, 148, 8-22. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0008 Cagaptay, S., Bache Fidan C., & Sancikara, E. C. (2015, February 25). Turkey and the KRG: Signs of Booming Economic Ties (Infographic) Washington Institute. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/turkey-and-krgsigns-booming-economic-ties-infographic Casier, M., & Jongerden, J. (2011). Nationalisms and politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue. Routledge. Cécillon, J. (2011). L’Irak, nouvel espace de déploiement de la puissance turque. In D. Schmid (Ed.), La Turquie au Moyen-Orient : Le retour d’une puissance regionale. CNRS Editions. http ://books.openedition.org/editionscnrs/12379 Cerny, H. (2018), Iraqi Kurdistan, the PKK and International Relations: Theory and Ethnic Conflict. Routledge. Cheviron, N., et Pérouse, J. F. (2017). Erdogan, Pere de la Turquie? Ėditions François Bourin. Denizeau, A. (2021, February 22). Les éminences grises de la politique étrangère de Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Editoriaux de l’Ifri. IFRI. https://www.ifri.org/fr/publications/editoriaux-de-lifri/eminences-grises-de-politique-etrangere-de-receptayyip-erdogan Grojean, O. (2013). Théorie et construction des rapports de genre dans la guérilla kurde de Turquie. Critique internationale, 60, 21-35. https://doi.org/10.3917/crii.060.0021 Gunter, M. (1990). The Kurds in Turkey: A Political Dilemma. Westview Press. Gurbuz, M. (2021). Turkey and the Gulf States: A New Era of Détente. Arab Center. https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/turkey-and-the-gulf-states-a-newera-of-detente/ Gürsel, S. (2013). Le basculement historique du commerce extérieur turc vers l’Orient. Herodote, 148, 183-196. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0183 International Crisis Group. (2013). Syria’s kurds: A struggle within a struggle. Middle East Report, (136), 2. Jabbour, J. (2020). La Turquie : une puissance émergente qui n’a pas les moyens de ses ambitions. Politique étrangère, 85(4). Kafesoğlu, I. (1985). I. Turk/İslâm sentezi. Aydınlar Ocağı. Kalkan S. (2011). The Transformative Power of the Turkish Private Sector in Iraqi Kurdistan. TEPAV. Evaluation Note, 201125. https://www.tepav.org.tr/en/yayin/s/410 Kazancigil, A. (2016). Turkish diplomacy in the Middle East: From success to failure. National Defence Review, 791, 42-48. https://doi.org/10.3917/rdna.791.0042 Kirdar, S. (2013). Erbil, Bagdad, Ankara et Washington : la course au pétrole en Irak du Nord. Herodote, 148, 103-116. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0103 L´Orient-Le Jour. (2023, May 21). Les Kurdes d’Irak et de Syrie divisés sur une possible victoire d’Erdogan. L´Orient-Le Jour. https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1338131/les-kurdes-dirak-et-de-syrie-divises-sur-une-possible-victoire-derdoganpapier-dangle.html Library of Congress. (2013). Syria’s kurds: A struggle within a struggle. Middle East Report, (136). Lundgren, A. (2005). La politique turque de la frontière. Confluences Mediterranee, 53, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.3917/come.053.0079 Marcou, J. (2019). La Turquie et ses nouveaux « alliés ». Orients Strategiques, (9). Marcou, J. (2021). Les relations turco-irakiennes: de l’inconstance au ménage à trois. Confluences Mediterranee, 116, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.3917/come.116.0149 McDowall, D. (1996). A Modern History of the Kurds. I.B. Tauris. Meier, D. (2022). Une géopolitique du Kurdistan irakien, entre frontières et conflits. Orients Strategiques, La question kurde dans tous ses etats, 12, 19. https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03894379 Merle, M. (1976). Politique intérieure et politique extérieure. Politique étrangère, 41(5), 420. https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1976_ num_41_5_1704 Ozkan, O. (2023, February 24). Why Was Turkey’s Military MIA After the Earthquake? Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/02/24/turkey-earthquake-erdogan-military-tsk-diasterresponse-reform-coup/ Özge, A. (2013). La Turquie: retour au Moyen-Orient. Herodote, 148, 33-46. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0033 Parlar Dal, E. (2010). Between precaution and ambition, the neo-Ottomanism of the new foreign policy of the AKP in question. EurOrient, special issue, 35. Picard, E. (1991). Irak, la question cruciale de l’autonomie. In E. Picard (Ed.), La question kurde (pp. 79-95). Complexe. Quesnay, A., & Roussel, C. (2013). Avec qui se battre? Le dilemme kurde. In F. Burgat, & B. Paoli (Eds.), Pas de printemps pour la Syrie. Les cles pour comprendre les acteurs et les defis de la crise (2011-2013) (pp. 144-157). La Découverte. Saadoun, M. (2022, April 7). Irak. Quand les cartes des alliances politiques sont rebattues. Orient XXI. https://orientxxi.info/magazine/irak-quandles-cartes-des-alliances-politiques-sont-rebattues,5501 Tejel, J. (2009). Syria’s Kurds. History, Politics and Society. Routledge. Tinas, R. (2013). State and Religion in Post-Kemalist Turkey: The Evolution of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP): The two mandates: 2002-2007 and 2007-2011 (PhD thesis, Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Lyon), Lyon, France. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20020 Vita, L. (2020, September 2). Ecco cosa vuole la Turchia [This is what Turkey wants]. Inside-Over. https://it.insideover.com/politica/intervista-cemgurdeniz-turchia-mediterraneo-mavi-vatan.html Yıldırım, G. (2022). Le rôle politique de l’armée turque : des coups d’État aux partenariats stratégiques avec le gouvernement. Confluences Mediterranee, 122, 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3917/come.122.0048 Zarcone, T. (2004). Modern Turkey and Islam. Flammarion. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9094/15867 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9094/15868 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9094/15869 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA |
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Oasis |
| title |
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 |
| spellingShingle |
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 Badine El Yattioui, Mohamed El Yattioui, Yassine Türkiye; Iraq; diplomacy; strategy; economy Turquía; Irak; diplomacia; estrategia; economía |
| title_short |
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 |
| title_full |
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 |
| title_fullStr |
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 |
| title_sort |
turkish diplomatic strategy in iraq: shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 |
| title_eng |
The Turkish diplomatic strategy in Iraq: Shifts and continuities, 2003-2023 |
| description |
Las relaciones entre Turquía e Iraq han conocido diferentes etapas entre 2003 y 2023. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las constantes premisas y los hechos cambiantes de la relación entre los dos vecinos desde el punto de vista turco. De esta forma, se busca explicar cómo los aspectos económicos y las cuestiones de seguridad fronteriza están en el corazón de la diplomacia turca. A partir de la llegada al poder del AKP y de su líder Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, la visión turca y su estrategia en el Medio Oriente, e Iraq en especial, han conocido diferentes momentos. Esto ha dependido del contexto regional o del contexto doméstico turco, que a lo largo de los años ha demostrado una relación bilateral compleja, dependiente de varios factores.
|
| description_eng |
Relations between Türkiye and Iraq have gone through different stages between 2003 and 2023. The objective of our article is to analyze the constants and evolution of the relationship between the two neighbors from the Turkish perspective. We try to explain how economic aspects and border security issues are at the heart of Turkish diplomacy. Since the AKP and its leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan came to power, the Turkish vision and strategy in the Middle East, and in Iraq in particular, have passed through different moments which depended on the regional context or the Turkish domestic context – a complex bilateral relationship that depends on several factors.
|
| author |
Badine El Yattioui, Mohamed El Yattioui, Yassine |
| author_facet |
Badine El Yattioui, Mohamed El Yattioui, Yassine |
| topic |
Türkiye; Iraq; diplomacy; strategy; economy Turquía; Irak; diplomacia; estrategia; economía |
| topic_facet |
Türkiye; Iraq; diplomacy; strategy; economy Turquía; Irak; diplomacia; estrategia; economía |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Turquía; Irak; diplomacia; estrategia; economía |
| citationissue |
39 |
| citationedition |
Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio |
| publisher |
Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales |
| ispartofjournal |
Oasis |
| source |
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/9094 |
| language |
spa |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Mohamed Badine El Yattioui, Yassine El Yattioui - 2023 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references |
Ahmadzadeh, H., & Stansfield G. (2010). The political, cultural, and military re-awakening of the Kurdish nationalist movement in Iran. The Middle East Journal, 64(1), 25. Aksu, K. (2020). Turkey: A Regional Power in the Making. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Ari, C. T., & Munassar, O. (2020). Two stages of Turkey’s quest for a regional power status in the Middle East: An integrated role-status-seeking approach. Gazi Akademik Bakis-Gazi Academic View, 14(27), 1-29. https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/414146/two-stages-of-turkeysquest-for-a-regional-power-status-in-the-middleeast-an-integrated-role-status-seeking-approach Azhari, T. (2023, May 27). Iraq launches $17 billion road and rail project to link Asia and Europe. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/iraqlaunches-17bn-road-rail-project-link-asia-europe-2023-05-27/ Babacan, M. (2011). Whither an axis shift: A perspective from Turkey’s foreign Trade. Insight Turkey, 13,(1), 152. Bozarslan, H. (1997). La question kurde : Etat et minorites au Moyen-Orient. Presses de Sciences Po. https://doi.org/10.3917/scpo.bozar.1997.01 Burdy, J., & Marcou, J. (2013). Le cheminement complexe des nouvelles relations turco-arabes. Herodote, 148, 8-22. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0008 Cagaptay, S., Bache Fidan C., & Sancikara, E. C. (2015, February 25). Turkey and the KRG: Signs of Booming Economic Ties (Infographic) Washington Institute. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/turkey-and-krgsigns-booming-economic-ties-infographic Casier, M., & Jongerden, J. (2011). Nationalisms and politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue. Routledge. Cécillon, J. (2011). L’Irak, nouvel espace de déploiement de la puissance turque. In D. Schmid (Ed.), La Turquie au Moyen-Orient : Le retour d’une puissance regionale. CNRS Editions. http ://books.openedition.org/editionscnrs/12379 Cerny, H. (2018), Iraqi Kurdistan, the PKK and International Relations: Theory and Ethnic Conflict. Routledge. Cheviron, N., et Pérouse, J. F. (2017). Erdogan, Pere de la Turquie? Ėditions François Bourin. Denizeau, A. (2021, February 22). Les éminences grises de la politique étrangère de Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Editoriaux de l’Ifri. IFRI. https://www.ifri.org/fr/publications/editoriaux-de-lifri/eminences-grises-de-politique-etrangere-de-receptayyip-erdogan Grojean, O. (2013). Théorie et construction des rapports de genre dans la guérilla kurde de Turquie. Critique internationale, 60, 21-35. https://doi.org/10.3917/crii.060.0021 Gunter, M. (1990). The Kurds in Turkey: A Political Dilemma. Westview Press. Gurbuz, M. (2021). Turkey and the Gulf States: A New Era of Détente. Arab Center. https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/turkey-and-the-gulf-states-a-newera-of-detente/ Gürsel, S. (2013). Le basculement historique du commerce extérieur turc vers l’Orient. Herodote, 148, 183-196. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0183 International Crisis Group. (2013). Syria’s kurds: A struggle within a struggle. Middle East Report, (136), 2. Jabbour, J. (2020). La Turquie : une puissance émergente qui n’a pas les moyens de ses ambitions. Politique étrangère, 85(4). Kafesoğlu, I. (1985). I. Turk/İslâm sentezi. Aydınlar Ocağı. Kalkan S. (2011). The Transformative Power of the Turkish Private Sector in Iraqi Kurdistan. TEPAV. Evaluation Note, 201125. https://www.tepav.org.tr/en/yayin/s/410 Kazancigil, A. (2016). Turkish diplomacy in the Middle East: From success to failure. National Defence Review, 791, 42-48. https://doi.org/10.3917/rdna.791.0042 Kirdar, S. (2013). Erbil, Bagdad, Ankara et Washington : la course au pétrole en Irak du Nord. Herodote, 148, 103-116. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0103 L´Orient-Le Jour. (2023, May 21). Les Kurdes d’Irak et de Syrie divisés sur une possible victoire d’Erdogan. L´Orient-Le Jour. https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1338131/les-kurdes-dirak-et-de-syrie-divises-sur-une-possible-victoire-derdoganpapier-dangle.html Library of Congress. (2013). Syria’s kurds: A struggle within a struggle. Middle East Report, (136). Lundgren, A. (2005). La politique turque de la frontière. Confluences Mediterranee, 53, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.3917/come.053.0079 Marcou, J. (2019). La Turquie et ses nouveaux « alliés ». Orients Strategiques, (9). Marcou, J. (2021). Les relations turco-irakiennes: de l’inconstance au ménage à trois. Confluences Mediterranee, 116, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.3917/come.116.0149 McDowall, D. (1996). A Modern History of the Kurds. I.B. Tauris. Meier, D. (2022). Une géopolitique du Kurdistan irakien, entre frontières et conflits. Orients Strategiques, La question kurde dans tous ses etats, 12, 19. https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03894379 Merle, M. (1976). Politique intérieure et politique extérieure. Politique étrangère, 41(5), 420. https://www.persee.fr/doc/polit_0032-342x_1976_ num_41_5_1704 Ozkan, O. (2023, February 24). Why Was Turkey’s Military MIA After the Earthquake? Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/02/24/turkey-earthquake-erdogan-military-tsk-diasterresponse-reform-coup/ Özge, A. (2013). La Turquie: retour au Moyen-Orient. Herodote, 148, 33-46. https://doi.org/10.3917/her.148.0033 Parlar Dal, E. (2010). Between precaution and ambition, the neo-Ottomanism of the new foreign policy of the AKP in question. EurOrient, special issue, 35. Picard, E. (1991). Irak, la question cruciale de l’autonomie. In E. Picard (Ed.), La question kurde (pp. 79-95). Complexe. Quesnay, A., & Roussel, C. (2013). Avec qui se battre? Le dilemme kurde. In F. Burgat, & B. Paoli (Eds.), Pas de printemps pour la Syrie. Les cles pour comprendre les acteurs et les defis de la crise (2011-2013) (pp. 144-157). La Découverte. Saadoun, M. (2022, April 7). Irak. Quand les cartes des alliances politiques sont rebattues. Orient XXI. https://orientxxi.info/magazine/irak-quandles-cartes-des-alliances-politiques-sont-rebattues,5501 Tejel, J. (2009). Syria’s Kurds. History, Politics and Society. Routledge. Tinas, R. (2013). State and Religion in Post-Kemalist Turkey: The Evolution of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP): The two mandates: 2002-2007 and 2007-2011 (PhD thesis, Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Lyon), Lyon, France. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20020 Vita, L. (2020, September 2). Ecco cosa vuole la Turchia [This is what Turkey wants]. Inside-Over. https://it.insideover.com/politica/intervista-cemgurdeniz-turchia-mediterraneo-mavi-vatan.html Yıldırım, G. (2022). Le rôle politique de l’armée turque : des coups d’État aux partenariats stratégiques avec le gouvernement. Confluences Mediterranee, 122, 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3917/come.122.0048 Zarcone, T. (2004). Modern Turkey and Islam. Flammarion. |
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