The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
Titulo:

The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
.

Sumario:

La prominencia de Argentina en la historia del arreglo de diferencias relativas a inversiones internacionales (ISDS) permite un estudio de caso fundamental sobre la tensión entre las medidas estatales y la inversión extranjera directa (IED). Argentina, al igual que otros países latinoamericanos, ha adoptado un enfoque proactivo para mitigar la pandemia actual. En particular, estas decisiones de salud pública de emergencia pueden obstaculizar la IED, lo que conlleva a un aumento de las disputas de inversiones. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar comparativamente la crisis argentina pasada, y los casos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) relacionados con la salud publica, capitalizando sobre las lecciones aprendi... Ver más

Guardado en:

Con-texto

0123-6458

2346-2078

Harti Alonso, Munia El

Herbst, Sophia

UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA

10.18601/01236458.n56.05

2021-07-27

83

100

Colombia

covid-19,

nafta,

Argentina,

Inversión Extranjera Directa/IED,

arbitraje,

salud pública,

resolución de conflictos

emergencia,

diferencias relativas a inversiones

Munia El Harti Alonso, Sophia Herbst - 2021

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

id metarevistapublica_uexternado_con_texto_3_article_7399
record_format ojs
spelling The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
La prominencia de Argentina en la historia del arreglo de diferencias relativas a inversiones internacionales (ISDS) permite un estudio de caso fundamental sobre la tensión entre las medidas estatales y la inversión extranjera directa (IED). Argentina, al igual que otros países latinoamericanos, ha adoptado un enfoque proactivo para mitigar la pandemia actual. En particular, estas decisiones de salud pública de emergencia pueden obstaculizar la IED, lo que conlleva a un aumento de las disputas de inversiones. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar comparativamente la crisis argentina pasada, y los casos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) relacionados con la salud publica, capitalizando sobre las lecciones aprendidas para proporcionar una guía en anticipación de las disputas de la covid-19. Para explorar este tema, una discusión sobre cuestiones jurisdiccionales y de procedimiento permite una aplicación moderna de cuestiones pasadas.
Argentina’s prominence in the history of ISDS makes for a seminal case study of the tension between state measures and FDI. Argentina, like other Latin American countries, has taken a proactive approach to mitigating the current pandemic. Notably, these emergency public health decisions may hinder FDI, thus leading to an increase in investment disputes. This paper aims to comparatively analyze the past Argentinian crisis and health related NAFTA cases, using lessons learned to provide guidance in anticipation of covid-19 disputes. In order to explore this topic, a discussion of jurisdictional and procedural questions allow for a modern application of past issues
Harti Alonso, Munia El
Herbst, Sophia
covid-19;
NAFTA;
Argentina;
Latin America;
Foreign Direct Investment/FDI;
Arbitration;
Public Health;
Dispute Resolution;
Emergency;
Investment Disputes
covid-19,
nafta,
Argentina,
Inversión Extranjera Directa/IED,
arbitraje,
salud pública,
resolución de conflictos
emergencia,
diferencias relativas a inversiones
56
Núm. 56 , Año 2021 : Julio-Diciembre
Artículo de revista
Journal article
2021-07-27T16:56:44Z
2021-07-27T16:56:44Z
2021-07-27
application/pdf
Departamento de Derecho Económico
Con-texto
0123-6458
2346-2078
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/contexto/article/view/7399
10.18601/01236458.n56.05
https://doi.org/10.18601/01236458.n56.05
spa
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Munia El Harti Alonso, Sophia Herbst - 2021
83
100
Sheargold, M., & Mitchell, A. (2019). Public Health in International Investment Law and Arbitration.
Titi, C. and Fach, K. (2019). Mediation in International Commercial and Investment Disputes, OUP.
Titi, C. (2014). The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law.
Alcolea, L. C. (2020). The covid-19 Crisis: Core Investment Law Issues Revisited. Transnational Dispute Management.
Alvarez, J. (2012). The Paradoxical Argentina Cases. World Arbitration and Mediation Review 6(3). Bakry, A. (2020). After 48 Years at icsid (1972-2020): An Overview of the Status of Egypt in icsid Arbitrations. Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Banifatemi, Y. (2015). The Long March Towards a Jurisprudence Constante on the Notion of Investment. Building International Investment Law: The First 50 Years of icsid, Kluwer.
Benedettelli, M. (2020). Could covid-19 emergency measures give rise to investment claims? First reflections from Italy. Global Arbitration Review.
Benítez, M., Velásco C., et al. (2020) Responses to covid-19 in five Latin American countries. Health Policy and Technology 9(4).
Berg, N., Ward, D., Gregor, K. & Gilley, E. (2020). covid-19 Measures: Leveraging Investment Agreements to Protect Foreign Investments. Ropes & Gray Coronavirus Information and Updates.
Bnamericas (2020). Coronavirus to worsen fallout from Chile’s power price freeze. Bnamericas.
Brower, II C. (2006). Why the ftc Notes of Interpretation Constitute a Partial Amendment of nafta Article 1105. Virginia Journal of International Law.
Burke-White, W. (2008). The Argentine Financial Crisis: State Liability Under bits and the Legitimacy of the icsid System. Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law.
Cariola Díez Pérez-Cotapos (2020). Chile: New legal regulations related to working remotely. L&E Global.
Chaisse, J. (2020). Both Possible and Improbable—Could covid-19 Measures Give Rise to Investor-State Disputes? Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, 13(1).
ciar Global Editorial Staff (2020). Nuevos inversores de renovables abandonan arbitrajes contra España. ciar Global.
Diamond, Nicholas, J. (2020). Pandemics, Emergency Measures, and isds. Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Echandi, R., & Kher, P. (2014). Can International Investor-State Disputes be Prevented? Empirical Evidence from Settlements in icsid Arbitration. icsid Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, 29(1).
European Commission (November 2020). Building a European Health Union: Stronger crisis preparedness and response for Europe. Press Release.
Gantz, D. (2019). The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement: Settlement of Disputes. Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Report.
Gillaume, G. (2011). The Use of Precedent by International Judges and Arbitrators. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 2(1).
Gillespie, P. (2020). Argentina Freezes tv, Internet and Mobile Prices Until Year-End. Bloomberg News.
Hodgson, M. (2020). The usmca/cusma/t-mec’s Entry into Force: usmca and U.S. Investors – A Reversal of Fortune? Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Hodgson, M. (2020). La pandemia del covid-19 y el impacto de las medidas de protección sobre las obligaciones internacionales de los Estados en materia de inversion. Jenner & Block: Arbitraje Internacional.
Joshi, R. (2020). Force Majeure under the ilc Draft Articles on State Responsibility: Assessing its Viability Against covid-19 Claims. American Society of International Law Insights, 24(24).
Katel, P. (2001). Argentina’s Crisis Explained. Time Magazine.
Kaufmann-Kohler, G. (2011). Interpretive Powers of the Free Trade Commission and the Rule of Law. iia Series n.º 7.
Kessedjian, C. et al. (2020). Mediation in Future Investor-State Dispute Settlement. Academic Forum on isds Concept Paper 2020/16.
Korzun. V. (2017). The Right to Regulate in Investor State Arbitration: Slicing and Dicing Regulatory Carve-Outs. flash: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History 50.
Lee, J. (2020). The Coronavirus Pandemic and International Investment Arbitration–Application of “Security Exceptions” Clauses in Investment Agreements. Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, 13(1).
Love, B. (Spring, 2020). Consideration of State responsibility for investment treaty violations during the covid-19 pandemic. Reed Smith International Arbitration Focus: Investor State Arbitration.
Mann, H., & Readhead, A. (May 2020), Force Majeure and covid-19: Legal risks of a double edged-sword. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Mao-Wei, L. (2020). Legitimate Expectations in a Time of Pandemic: The Host State’s covid- 19 Measures, Its Obligations and Possible Defenses Under International Investment Agreements. Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, 13(1).
Milan, L. (2020). covid-19 and the risk of foreign investor challenges. The Canadian Bar Association National Magazine.
Moberg, A., & Hindelang, S. (2020). The art of casting political dissent in law: The eu’s framework for the screening of foreign direct investment. Common Market Law Review 57(5).
Nitschke, F. (2020). icsid’s Role in Advancing Investor-State Mediation. Global Arbitration Review. Perez-Salido, P. (2019). Royal Decree-Law 17/2019: An Opportunity for Spain to Leave Behind the Renewable Energy Arbitrations? Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Rabson, M. (2017). nafta lawsuits target Canada most while U.S. hasn’t lost yet. The Canadian Press Financial Post.
Reinisch, A. (2006). Necessity in International Investment Arbitration – An Unnecessary Split of Opinions in Recent icsid Cases? Comments on cms v. Argentina and lg&e v. Argentina. Transnational Dispute Management.
Riaño, M., Paz, I., Claviño I., & Ramón, J. (2019). Spain Approves Royal Decree-Law 17/2019, of 22 November, which establishes the new rate of reasonable return for renewable energy. Lexology.
Sanderson, C. (2020). Peru warned of potential icsid claims over covid-19 measures. Global Arbitration Review.
Sanderson, C. (2020). icsid panel challenged over decision to hold virtual hearing. Global Arbitration Review.
Sanderson, C. (2020). Mexico faces potential claims over pandemic response. Global Arbitration Review.
Scherer, M. (2020). Remote Hearings in International Arbitration: An Analytical Framework. Journal of International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 3(4).
Shirlow, E., & Gore, K. (2020). The usmca/cusma/t-mec’s Entry into Force: Evolution, Innovation, and Reform. Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Simpson, C. (2020). Third-Party Funders’ Business is Booming During Pandemic. Law 360. Strong, G. (2020). Opportunities Abound in Latin America for Distressed Asset Investors. Forbes.
Thomas, J. C. (2002). Reflections on Article 1105 of NAFTA: History, State Practice and the Influence of Commentators. ICSID Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, 17(1).
United Nations UNCTAD (2020). Investment Policy Responses to the covid-19 Pandemic. Investment Policy Monitor.
United Nations UNCTAD (2020). Investor-State Dispute Settlement Cases Pass the 1,000 Mark: Cases and Outcomes in 2019. IIA Issues Note.
Voon, T. (2015). Evidentiary Challenges for Public Health Regulation in International Trade and Investment Law. Journal of International Economic Law, 18(4).
Warren-Clem, A. (2015). pmi v. Uruguay: Public Health and Arbitration Intertwined and Undermined. Law and Business Review of the Americas, 21(4).
Columbia Center on Sustainable Development (May 2020). Call for icsid Moratorium During covid-19 Crisis and Response. http://ccsi.columbia.edu/2020/05/05/isds-moratoriumduring-covid-19/.
European Commission (October 2020). Coronavirus Response. https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/coronavirus-response_en.
FDA Insight: Drug Shortages and covid-19. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-insight/fda-insight-drug-shortages-and-covid-19.
ICSID Caseload Statistics (Issue 2020-2). https://icsid.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/publications/The%20ICSID%20Caseload%20Statistics%20%282020-2%20Edition%29%20EN G.pdf.
ICSID, Mediations. https://icsid.worldbank.org/services-arbitration-investor-state-mediation.
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/contexto/article/download/7399/10097
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institution UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA
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title The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
spellingShingle The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
Harti Alonso, Munia El
Herbst, Sophia
covid-19;
NAFTA;
Argentina;
Latin America;
Foreign Direct Investment/FDI;
Arbitration;
Public Health;
Dispute Resolution;
Emergency;
Investment Disputes
covid-19,
nafta,
Argentina,
Inversión Extranjera Directa/IED,
arbitraje,
salud pública,
resolución de conflictos
emergencia,
diferencias relativas a inversiones
title_short The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
title_full The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
title_fullStr The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
title_full_unstemmed The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
title_sort rise of investor-state public health disputes: lessons learned from the idiosyncrasy of argentinian and nafta cases in the era of covid-19
title_eng The Rise of Investor-State Public Health Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Idiosyncrasy of Argentinian and NAFTA Cases in the Era of covid-19
description La prominencia de Argentina en la historia del arreglo de diferencias relativas a inversiones internacionales (ISDS) permite un estudio de caso fundamental sobre la tensión entre las medidas estatales y la inversión extranjera directa (IED). Argentina, al igual que otros países latinoamericanos, ha adoptado un enfoque proactivo para mitigar la pandemia actual. En particular, estas decisiones de salud pública de emergencia pueden obstaculizar la IED, lo que conlleva a un aumento de las disputas de inversiones. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar comparativamente la crisis argentina pasada, y los casos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) relacionados con la salud publica, capitalizando sobre las lecciones aprendidas para proporcionar una guía en anticipación de las disputas de la covid-19. Para explorar este tema, una discusión sobre cuestiones jurisdiccionales y de procedimiento permite una aplicación moderna de cuestiones pasadas.
description_eng Argentina’s prominence in the history of ISDS makes for a seminal case study of the tension between state measures and FDI. Argentina, like other Latin American countries, has taken a proactive approach to mitigating the current pandemic. Notably, these emergency public health decisions may hinder FDI, thus leading to an increase in investment disputes. This paper aims to comparatively analyze the past Argentinian crisis and health related NAFTA cases, using lessons learned to provide guidance in anticipation of covid-19 disputes. In order to explore this topic, a discussion of jurisdictional and procedural questions allow for a modern application of past issues
author Harti Alonso, Munia El
Herbst, Sophia
author_facet Harti Alonso, Munia El
Herbst, Sophia
topic covid-19;
NAFTA;
Argentina;
Latin America;
Foreign Direct Investment/FDI;
Arbitration;
Public Health;
Dispute Resolution;
Emergency;
Investment Disputes
covid-19,
nafta,
Argentina,
Inversión Extranjera Directa/IED,
arbitraje,
salud pública,
resolución de conflictos
emergencia,
diferencias relativas a inversiones
topic_facet covid-19;
NAFTA;
Argentina;
Latin America;
Foreign Direct Investment/FDI;
Arbitration;
Public Health;
Dispute Resolution;
Emergency;
Investment Disputes
covid-19,
nafta,
Argentina,
Inversión Extranjera Directa/IED,
arbitraje,
salud pública,
resolución de conflictos
emergencia,
diferencias relativas a inversiones
topicspa_str_mv covid-19,
nafta,
Argentina,
Inversión Extranjera Directa/IED,
arbitraje,
salud pública,
resolución de conflictos
emergencia,
diferencias relativas a inversiones
citationissue 56
citationedition Núm. 56 , Año 2021 : Julio-Diciembre
publisher Departamento de Derecho Económico
ispartofjournal Con-texto
source https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/contexto/article/view/7399
language spa
format Article
rights https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Munia El Harti Alonso, Sophia Herbst - 2021
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
references Sheargold, M., & Mitchell, A. (2019). Public Health in International Investment Law and Arbitration.
Titi, C. and Fach, K. (2019). Mediation in International Commercial and Investment Disputes, OUP.
Titi, C. (2014). The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law.
Alcolea, L. C. (2020). The covid-19 Crisis: Core Investment Law Issues Revisited. Transnational Dispute Management.
Alvarez, J. (2012). The Paradoxical Argentina Cases. World Arbitration and Mediation Review 6(3). Bakry, A. (2020). After 48 Years at icsid (1972-2020): An Overview of the Status of Egypt in icsid Arbitrations. Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Banifatemi, Y. (2015). The Long March Towards a Jurisprudence Constante on the Notion of Investment. Building International Investment Law: The First 50 Years of icsid, Kluwer.
Benedettelli, M. (2020). Could covid-19 emergency measures give rise to investment claims? First reflections from Italy. Global Arbitration Review.
Benítez, M., Velásco C., et al. (2020) Responses to covid-19 in five Latin American countries. Health Policy and Technology 9(4).
Berg, N., Ward, D., Gregor, K. & Gilley, E. (2020). covid-19 Measures: Leveraging Investment Agreements to Protect Foreign Investments. Ropes & Gray Coronavirus Information and Updates.
Bnamericas (2020). Coronavirus to worsen fallout from Chile’s power price freeze. Bnamericas.
Brower, II C. (2006). Why the ftc Notes of Interpretation Constitute a Partial Amendment of nafta Article 1105. Virginia Journal of International Law.
Burke-White, W. (2008). The Argentine Financial Crisis: State Liability Under bits and the Legitimacy of the icsid System. Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law.
Cariola Díez Pérez-Cotapos (2020). Chile: New legal regulations related to working remotely. L&E Global.
Chaisse, J. (2020). Both Possible and Improbable—Could covid-19 Measures Give Rise to Investor-State Disputes? Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, 13(1).
ciar Global Editorial Staff (2020). Nuevos inversores de renovables abandonan arbitrajes contra España. ciar Global.
Diamond, Nicholas, J. (2020). Pandemics, Emergency Measures, and isds. Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Echandi, R., & Kher, P. (2014). Can International Investor-State Disputes be Prevented? Empirical Evidence from Settlements in icsid Arbitration. icsid Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, 29(1).
European Commission (November 2020). Building a European Health Union: Stronger crisis preparedness and response for Europe. Press Release.
Gantz, D. (2019). The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement: Settlement of Disputes. Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Report.
Gillaume, G. (2011). The Use of Precedent by International Judges and Arbitrators. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 2(1).
Gillespie, P. (2020). Argentina Freezes tv, Internet and Mobile Prices Until Year-End. Bloomberg News.
Hodgson, M. (2020). The usmca/cusma/t-mec’s Entry into Force: usmca and U.S. Investors – A Reversal of Fortune? Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Hodgson, M. (2020). La pandemia del covid-19 y el impacto de las medidas de protección sobre las obligaciones internacionales de los Estados en materia de inversion. Jenner & Block: Arbitraje Internacional.
Joshi, R. (2020). Force Majeure under the ilc Draft Articles on State Responsibility: Assessing its Viability Against covid-19 Claims. American Society of International Law Insights, 24(24).
Katel, P. (2001). Argentina’s Crisis Explained. Time Magazine.
Kaufmann-Kohler, G. (2011). Interpretive Powers of the Free Trade Commission and the Rule of Law. iia Series n.º 7.
Kessedjian, C. et al. (2020). Mediation in Future Investor-State Dispute Settlement. Academic Forum on isds Concept Paper 2020/16.
Korzun. V. (2017). The Right to Regulate in Investor State Arbitration: Slicing and Dicing Regulatory Carve-Outs. flash: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History 50.
Lee, J. (2020). The Coronavirus Pandemic and International Investment Arbitration–Application of “Security Exceptions” Clauses in Investment Agreements. Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, 13(1).
Love, B. (Spring, 2020). Consideration of State responsibility for investment treaty violations during the covid-19 pandemic. Reed Smith International Arbitration Focus: Investor State Arbitration.
Mann, H., & Readhead, A. (May 2020), Force Majeure and covid-19: Legal risks of a double edged-sword. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Mao-Wei, L. (2020). Legitimate Expectations in a Time of Pandemic: The Host State’s covid- 19 Measures, Its Obligations and Possible Defenses Under International Investment Agreements. Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, 13(1).
Milan, L. (2020). covid-19 and the risk of foreign investor challenges. The Canadian Bar Association National Magazine.
Moberg, A., & Hindelang, S. (2020). The art of casting political dissent in law: The eu’s framework for the screening of foreign direct investment. Common Market Law Review 57(5).
Nitschke, F. (2020). icsid’s Role in Advancing Investor-State Mediation. Global Arbitration Review. Perez-Salido, P. (2019). Royal Decree-Law 17/2019: An Opportunity for Spain to Leave Behind the Renewable Energy Arbitrations? Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Rabson, M. (2017). nafta lawsuits target Canada most while U.S. hasn’t lost yet. The Canadian Press Financial Post.
Reinisch, A. (2006). Necessity in International Investment Arbitration – An Unnecessary Split of Opinions in Recent icsid Cases? Comments on cms v. Argentina and lg&e v. Argentina. Transnational Dispute Management.
Riaño, M., Paz, I., Claviño I., & Ramón, J. (2019). Spain Approves Royal Decree-Law 17/2019, of 22 November, which establishes the new rate of reasonable return for renewable energy. Lexology.
Sanderson, C. (2020). Peru warned of potential icsid claims over covid-19 measures. Global Arbitration Review.
Sanderson, C. (2020). icsid panel challenged over decision to hold virtual hearing. Global Arbitration Review.
Sanderson, C. (2020). Mexico faces potential claims over pandemic response. Global Arbitration Review.
Scherer, M. (2020). Remote Hearings in International Arbitration: An Analytical Framework. Journal of International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International, 3(4).
Shirlow, E., & Gore, K. (2020). The usmca/cusma/t-mec’s Entry into Force: Evolution, Innovation, and Reform. Kluwer Arbitration Blog.
Simpson, C. (2020). Third-Party Funders’ Business is Booming During Pandemic. Law 360. Strong, G. (2020). Opportunities Abound in Latin America for Distressed Asset Investors. Forbes.
Thomas, J. C. (2002). Reflections on Article 1105 of NAFTA: History, State Practice and the Influence of Commentators. ICSID Review – Foreign Investment Law Journal, 17(1).
United Nations UNCTAD (2020). Investment Policy Responses to the covid-19 Pandemic. Investment Policy Monitor.
United Nations UNCTAD (2020). Investor-State Dispute Settlement Cases Pass the 1,000 Mark: Cases and Outcomes in 2019. IIA Issues Note.
Voon, T. (2015). Evidentiary Challenges for Public Health Regulation in International Trade and Investment Law. Journal of International Economic Law, 18(4).
Warren-Clem, A. (2015). pmi v. Uruguay: Public Health and Arbitration Intertwined and Undermined. Law and Business Review of the Americas, 21(4).
Columbia Center on Sustainable Development (May 2020). Call for icsid Moratorium During covid-19 Crisis and Response. http://ccsi.columbia.edu/2020/05/05/isds-moratoriumduring-covid-19/.
European Commission (October 2020). Coronavirus Response. https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/coronavirus-response_en.
FDA Insight: Drug Shortages and covid-19. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-insight/fda-insight-drug-shortages-and-covid-19.
ICSID Caseload Statistics (Issue 2020-2). https://icsid.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/publications/The%20ICSID%20Caseload%20Statistics%20%282020-2%20Edition%29%20EN G.pdf.
ICSID, Mediations. https://icsid.worldbank.org/services-arbitration-investor-state-mediation.
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