Titulo:
Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia
.
Sumario:
La contaminación del aire, se considera un serio problema ambiental, debido a la presencia en la atmósfera de materiales peligrosos, tales como metales e hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) presentes en el material particulado (PM). Los (HAPs) son contaminantes prioritarios del aire, por sus propiedades extremadamente peligrosas para la salud humana. El material particulado fracción respirable PM2.5 fue monitoreado usando un equipo Partisol 2025 Plus con filtros de cuarzo Palmflex. Los filtros, se sometieron a extracción por ultrasonido, utilizando por separado tres solventes diclorometano, acetona y una mezcla diclorometano:acetona (3:1). Para identificar los HAPs presentes, los extractos obtenidos se analizaron en un... Ver más
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2619-2551
17
2014-06-30
25
33
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Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air pm2.5 Pamplona- Colombia La contaminación del aire, se considera un serio problema ambiental, debido a la presencia en la atmósfera de materiales peligrosos, tales como metales e hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) presentes en el material particulado (PM). Los (HAPs) son contaminantes prioritarios del aire, por sus propiedades extremadamente peligrosas para la salud humana. El material particulado fracción respirable PM2.5 fue monitoreado usando un equipo Partisol 2025 Plus con filtros de cuarzo Palmflex. Los filtros, se sometieron a extracción por ultrasonido, utilizando por separado tres solventes diclorometano, acetona y una mezcla diclorometano:acetona (3:1). Para identificar los HAPs presentes, los extractos obtenidos se analizaron en un cromatografo de gases HP6890 plus con detector FID. Por primera vez en el PM2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Norte de Santander, se detectaron 12 HPAs, dentro, de los cuales, se destaca el benzo [a] pireno, considerado uno de los más potentes carcinógenos en humanos. Air pollution is considered a serious environmental problem due to the presence in the atmosphere of hazardous materials such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAPs) content in the particulate matter (PM). The (PAHs) are priority pollutants from the air due to its extremely dangerous to human health. In order to identify the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the organic matter from the air PM2.5 Pamplona, the respirable fraction PM2.5 particulate material was monitored using equipment Partisol 2025 Plus Palmflex quartz filters. The filters were subjected to ultrasonic extraction using dichloromethane three separate solvents, acetone and dichloromethane: acetone (3:1). To identify PAHs, the extracts were analyzed in a gas chromatograph with FID detector plus HP6890. For the first time in the air PM2.5 Pamplona-Norte de Santander, are detected and identified 12 PAHs, among which stands out the benzo [a] pyrene, which is considered one of the most potent carcinogens. Quijano, Mónica Juliana Quijano, Alfonso Meléndez, Iván Material particulado PM2.5 Mutágenos Benzo(a)pireno Cromatografía de gases Particulate matter PM2.5 Mutagens Benzo (a) pyrene Gas chromatography 17 1 Núm. 1 , Año 2014 :Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica. Enero-Junio Artículo de revista Journal article 2014-06-30T00:00:00Z 2014-06-30T00:00:00Z 2014-06-30 application/pdf text/html Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica 0123-4226 2619-2551 https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/937 10.31910/rudca.v17.n1.2014.937 https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v17.n1.2014.937 spa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 25 33 AMADOR-MUÑOZ, O.; VILLALOBOS-PIETRINI, R.; AGAPITO-NADALES, M.C.; MUNIVE-COLIN, Z.; HERNANDEZ-MENA, L.; SÁNCHEZ-SANDOVAL, M. 2010. Solvent extracted organic matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distributed in size-segregated airborne particles in a zone of México city: seasonal behavior and human exposure. Atmosph. Environ. 44:122-130. ANAND, P.; KUNNUMAKARA, A.; SUNDARAM, C.; HARIKUMAR, K.; THARAKAN, S.; LAI, O.J.; SUNG, B.; AGGARWAL, B.B. 2008. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharm. Res. 25(9):2097-116. BELPOMME, D.; IRIGARAY, P.; HARDELL, L.; CLAPP, R.; MONTAGNIERE, L.; EPSTEIN, S.; SASCO, A.J. 2007. The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens. Environ. Res.105:414-29. CONSUEGRA, A.A. 2006. Estudio de la contaminación atmosférica generada por óxidos de azufre, óxidos de Nitrógeno y material particulado en un sector de la ciudad de Bogotá. Primera parte. Avances investigación en Ingenieria.22:32-36. CARRERAS H., A.; CALDERÓN-SEGURA M, E.; GÓMEZ-ARROYO, S.; MURILLO-TOVAR, M.; AMADOR- MUÑOZ, O. 2013. Composition and mutagenicity of PAHs associated with urban airborne particles in Córdoba, Argentina. Environ. Poll. 178:403-410. CLAXTON, L.D.; WARREN, S.; ZWEIDINGER, R.; CREASON, J. 2001. A comparative assessment of Boise, Idaho, ambient air fine particle samples using the plate and microsuspension Salmonella mutagenicity assays. Sci. Total Environ. 275(1-3):95-108. DA COSTA, G.; SINGH, R.; ARLT, V.M.; MIRZA, A.; RICHARDS, M.; TAKAMURA-ENYA, T.; SCHMEISER, H.H.; FARMER, P.B.; PHILLIPS, D.H. 2009. Quantification of 3-nitrobenzanthrone-DNA adducts using online column-switching HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 22(1):1860- 1868. DAGOUASSAT, M.; LANONE, S.; BOCZKOWSKI, J. 2012. Interaction of matrix metalloproteinases with pulmonary pollutants. Eur. Respir. J. 39(4):1021- 1032. DUCATTI, A.; VARGAS, V.M.F. 2003. Mutagenic activity of airborne particulate matter as an indicative measure of atmospheric pollution. Mutat. Res. 540:67- 77. EPA, 1984. Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects Assessment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons (PAHs). EPA-540/1-86-013. Chicago. GOLDBERG, M.S.; BURNETT, R.T.; BAILAR, J.C.; BROOK, J.; BONVALOT, Y.; TAMBLYN, R.; SINGH, R.; VALOIS, M.F.; VINCENT, R. 2001.The association between daily mortality and ambient air particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec. Environ. Res. 86:26-36. HALATEK, T.; SINCZUK-WALCZAK, H.; SZYMCZAK, M.; RYDZYNSKI, K. 2005. Neurological and respiratory symptoms in shipyard welders exposed to manganese. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health. 18(3):265-274. HANZALOVA, K.; ROSSNER, P. Jr.; SRAM, R.J. 2010. Oxidative damage induced by carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic extracts from urban air particulate matter. Mutation Res. 696(2):114-121. HAYAKAWA, K. 2009. Atmospheric Pollution and Its Countermeasure in East Asia from the Viewpoint of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J. Health Sci. 55:870-878. HOU, L.; ZHANG, X.; TARANTINI, L.; NORDIO, F.; BONZINI, M.; ANGELICI, L.; MARINELLI, B.;RIZZO, G.; CANTONE, L.; APOSTOLI, P.; BER TAZZI, P.A.; BACCARELLI, A. 2011. Ambient PM exposure and DNA methylation in tumor suppressor genes: a cross-sectional study. Part. Fibre. Toxicol. 30:8-25. IARC. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2010. Some nonheterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 92. p.765-773. KAWANAKA, Y.; MATSUMOTO, E.; WANG, N.; YUN, S.J.; SAKAMOTO, K. 2008. Contribution of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the mutagenicity of ultrafine particles in the roadside atmosphere. Atmosph. Environ. 42:7423-7428. KUO, C.Y.; CHENG, T.W.; CHEN, C.Y.; LEE, H. 1998. Correlation between the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mutagenicity of airborne particulate samples from Taichung City. Taiwan. Environ. Res. 78:43-49. MANNINO, M.R.; ORECCHIO, S. 2008. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust matter of Palermo (Italy) area: Extraction, GC-MS analysis, distribution and sources. Atmos. Environ. 42:1801-1817. MAYKUT, N.N.; LEWTAS, J.; KIM, E.; LARSON, T.V. 2003. Source Apportionment of PM2.5 at an Urban Improve site in Seattle, WA. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:5135-5142. MELÉNDEZ GÉLVEZ, I.; MARTÍNEZ MONTAÑEZ, M.L.; QUIJANO PARRA, A. 2012. Actividad mutagénica y genotóxica en el material particulado fracción respirable MP2,5, en Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Latreia. 25(4):347-356. MILAEVA, E.R. 2011. Metal-based antioxidants--potential therapeutic candidates for prevention the oxidative stress-related carcinogenesis: mini-review. Curr. Top Med Chem. 11(21):2703-2713. PACHÓN, J.; GARCÍA, H.; BUSTOS, M.; BRAVO, H.; SOSA, R. 2004. Determinación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en muestras de partículas atmosféricas en la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Meteorol. Colomb. 8:27-35. PING, L.; PANUWAT, H. 2006. Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on lime spray dryer (LSD) ash using different extraction methods. Chemosph. 62:265-274. PORTET-KOLTALO, F.; OUKEBDANE, K.; DIONNET, F.; DESBENE, P.L. 2008. Optimisation of the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated derivatives from diesel particulate matter using microwave-assisted extraction. Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem. 390:389-398. RIGER, C.J.; FERNANDES, P.N.; VILELA, L.F.; MIELNICZKI-PEREIRA, A.A.; BONATTO, D.; HENRIQUES, J.A.; ELEUTHERIO, E.C. 2011. Evaluation of heavy metal toxicity in eukaryotes using a simple functional assay. Metallomics. 3(12):1355-1361. RoC, 2009. National Toxicology Program (NTP): Report on Carcinogens. U. S. Department of Health and Human services, Public Health Service. National Toxicology Program (NTP). s.p. SHAH, M.H.; SHAHEEN, N.; JAFFAR, M.; KHALIQUE, A.; TARIQ, S.R.; MANZOOR, S. 2006. Spatial variations in selected metal contents and particle size distribution in an urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. J. Environ. Manag. 78:128-137. SHAHEEN, N.; SHAH, M.H.; KHALIQUE, A.; JAFFAR, M. 2005. Metal levels in airborne particulate matter in urban Islamabad, Pakistan. Bull. Environ. Contam. Tox. 75(4):739-746. STRAIF, K.; BAAN, R.; GROSSE, Y.; SECRETAN, B.; EI, G.F.; COGLIANO, V. 2006. Carcinogenicity of household solid fuel combustion and high temperature frying, Lancet Oncol. 7:977-978. TAGA, R.; TANG, N.; HATTORI, T.; TAMURA, K.; SAKAI, S.; TORIBA, A.; KIZU, R.; HAYAKAWA, V. 2005. Direct-acting mutagenicity of extracts of coal burningderived particulates and contribution of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mutat. Res. 581:91-95. U.S. EPA. 2002. Health Assessment Document for Diesel Engine Exhaust, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. (EPA/600/8-90/057F). p.2-79-2-85. U.S. EPA. 2004. Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park Office, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2004 (vol. I, EPA/600/P-99/002aF, and vol. II, EPA/600/P-99/002bF). p.7-186-7-192. VARGAS, V.M.F. 2003. Mutagenic activity as a parameter to assess ambient air quality for protection of the environment and human health. Mutat. Res. 544:313-319. VINITKETKUMNUEN, U.; KALAYANAMITRA, K.; CHEWONARIN, T.; KAMENS, R. 2002. Particulate matter, PM10 & PM2.5 levels, and airborne mutagenicity in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Mutat. Res. 519:121- 131. WADA, M.; KIDO, H.; KISHIKAWA, N.; TOU, T.; TANAKA, M.; TSUBOKURA, J.; SHIRONITA, M.; MATSUI, M.; KURODA, N.; NAKASHIMA, K. 2001. Assessment of air pollution in Nagasaki city: determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated derivatives, and some metals. Environm. Pollut. 115:139-147. ZHANG, W.; CUI, J.; Qi, Q. 2001. Advances on the biological effect indices for fine particles (PM2.5) in air. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 30(6):379-82. https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/download/937/1144 https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/download/937/1145 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
| institution |
UNIVERSIDAD DE CIENCIAS APLICADAS Y AMBIENTALES |
| thumbnail |
https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/UNIVERSIDADDECIENCIASAPLICADASYAMBIENTALES/logo.png |
| country_str |
Colombia |
| collection |
Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica |
| title |
Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia Quijano, Mónica Juliana Quijano, Alfonso Meléndez, Iván Material particulado PM2.5 Mutágenos Benzo(a)pireno Cromatografía de gases Particulate matter PM2.5 Mutagens Benzo (a) pyrene Gas chromatography |
| title_short |
Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia |
| title_full |
Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en el pm2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Colombia |
| title_sort |
identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (haps) en el pm2.5 del aire de pamplona-colombia |
| title_eng |
Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air pm2.5 Pamplona- Colombia |
| description |
La contaminación del aire, se considera un serio problema ambiental, debido a la presencia en la atmósfera de materiales peligrosos, tales como metales e hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) presentes en el material particulado (PM). Los (HAPs) son contaminantes prioritarios del aire, por sus propiedades extremadamente peligrosas para la salud humana. El material particulado fracción respirable PM2.5 fue monitoreado usando un equipo Partisol 2025 Plus con filtros de cuarzo Palmflex. Los filtros, se sometieron a extracción por ultrasonido, utilizando por separado tres solventes diclorometano, acetona y una mezcla diclorometano:acetona (3:1). Para identificar los HAPs presentes, los extractos obtenidos se analizaron en un cromatografo de gases HP6890 plus con detector FID. Por primera vez en el PM2.5 del aire de Pamplona-Norte de Santander, se detectaron 12 HPAs, dentro, de los cuales, se destaca el benzo [a] pireno, considerado uno de los más potentes carcinógenos en humanos.
|
| description_eng |
Air pollution is considered a serious environmental problem due to the presence in the atmosphere of hazardous materials such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAPs) content in the particulate matter (PM). The (PAHs) are priority pollutants from the air due to its extremely dangerous to human health. In order to identify the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the organic matter from the air PM2.5 Pamplona, the respirable fraction PM2.5 particulate material was monitored using equipment Partisol 2025 Plus Palmflex quartz filters. The filters were subjected to ultrasonic extraction using dichloromethane three separate solvents, acetone and dichloromethane: acetone (3:1). To identify PAHs, the extracts were analyzed in a gas chromatograph with FID detector plus HP6890. For the first time in the air PM2.5 Pamplona-Norte de Santander, are detected and identified 12 PAHs, among which stands out the benzo [a] pyrene, which is considered one of the most potent carcinogens.
|
| author |
Quijano, Mónica Juliana Quijano, Alfonso Meléndez, Iván |
| author_facet |
Quijano, Mónica Juliana Quijano, Alfonso Meléndez, Iván |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Material particulado PM2.5 Mutágenos Benzo(a)pireno Cromatografía de gases |
| topic |
Material particulado PM2.5 Mutágenos Benzo(a)pireno Cromatografía de gases Particulate matter PM2.5 Mutagens Benzo (a) pyrene Gas chromatography |
| topic_facet |
Material particulado PM2.5 Mutágenos Benzo(a)pireno Cromatografía de gases Particulate matter PM2.5 Mutagens Benzo (a) pyrene Gas chromatography |
| citationvolume |
17 |
| citationissue |
1 |
| citationedition |
Núm. 1 , Año 2014 :Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica. Enero-Junio |
| publisher |
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A |
| ispartofjournal |
Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica |
| source |
https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/937 |
| language |
spa |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references |
AMADOR-MUÑOZ, O.; VILLALOBOS-PIETRINI, R.; AGAPITO-NADALES, M.C.; MUNIVE-COLIN, Z.; HERNANDEZ-MENA, L.; SÁNCHEZ-SANDOVAL, M. 2010. Solvent extracted organic matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distributed in size-segregated airborne particles in a zone of México city: seasonal behavior and human exposure. Atmosph. Environ. 44:122-130. ANAND, P.; KUNNUMAKARA, A.; SUNDARAM, C.; HARIKUMAR, K.; THARAKAN, S.; LAI, O.J.; SUNG, B.; AGGARWAL, B.B. 2008. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharm. Res. 25(9):2097-116. BELPOMME, D.; IRIGARAY, P.; HARDELL, L.; CLAPP, R.; MONTAGNIERE, L.; EPSTEIN, S.; SASCO, A.J. 2007. The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens. Environ. Res.105:414-29. CONSUEGRA, A.A. 2006. Estudio de la contaminación atmosférica generada por óxidos de azufre, óxidos de Nitrógeno y material particulado en un sector de la ciudad de Bogotá. Primera parte. Avances investigación en Ingenieria.22:32-36. CARRERAS H., A.; CALDERÓN-SEGURA M, E.; GÓMEZ-ARROYO, S.; MURILLO-TOVAR, M.; AMADOR- MUÑOZ, O. 2013. Composition and mutagenicity of PAHs associated with urban airborne particles in Córdoba, Argentina. Environ. Poll. 178:403-410. CLAXTON, L.D.; WARREN, S.; ZWEIDINGER, R.; CREASON, J. 2001. A comparative assessment of Boise, Idaho, ambient air fine particle samples using the plate and microsuspension Salmonella mutagenicity assays. Sci. Total Environ. 275(1-3):95-108. DA COSTA, G.; SINGH, R.; ARLT, V.M.; MIRZA, A.; RICHARDS, M.; TAKAMURA-ENYA, T.; SCHMEISER, H.H.; FARMER, P.B.; PHILLIPS, D.H. 2009. Quantification of 3-nitrobenzanthrone-DNA adducts using online column-switching HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 22(1):1860- 1868. DAGOUASSAT, M.; LANONE, S.; BOCZKOWSKI, J. 2012. Interaction of matrix metalloproteinases with pulmonary pollutants. Eur. Respir. J. 39(4):1021- 1032. DUCATTI, A.; VARGAS, V.M.F. 2003. Mutagenic activity of airborne particulate matter as an indicative measure of atmospheric pollution. Mutat. Res. 540:67- 77. EPA, 1984. Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects Assessment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons (PAHs). EPA-540/1-86-013. Chicago. GOLDBERG, M.S.; BURNETT, R.T.; BAILAR, J.C.; BROOK, J.; BONVALOT, Y.; TAMBLYN, R.; SINGH, R.; VALOIS, M.F.; VINCENT, R. 2001.The association between daily mortality and ambient air particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec. Environ. Res. 86:26-36. HALATEK, T.; SINCZUK-WALCZAK, H.; SZYMCZAK, M.; RYDZYNSKI, K. 2005. Neurological and respiratory symptoms in shipyard welders exposed to manganese. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health. 18(3):265-274. HANZALOVA, K.; ROSSNER, P. Jr.; SRAM, R.J. 2010. Oxidative damage induced by carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic extracts from urban air particulate matter. Mutation Res. 696(2):114-121. HAYAKAWA, K. 2009. Atmospheric Pollution and Its Countermeasure in East Asia from the Viewpoint of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J. Health Sci. 55:870-878. HOU, L.; ZHANG, X.; TARANTINI, L.; NORDIO, F.; BONZINI, M.; ANGELICI, L.; MARINELLI, B.;RIZZO, G.; CANTONE, L.; APOSTOLI, P.; BER TAZZI, P.A.; BACCARELLI, A. 2011. Ambient PM exposure and DNA methylation in tumor suppressor genes: a cross-sectional study. Part. Fibre. Toxicol. 30:8-25. IARC. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2010. Some nonheterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 92. p.765-773. KAWANAKA, Y.; MATSUMOTO, E.; WANG, N.; YUN, S.J.; SAKAMOTO, K. 2008. Contribution of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the mutagenicity of ultrafine particles in the roadside atmosphere. Atmosph. Environ. 42:7423-7428. KUO, C.Y.; CHENG, T.W.; CHEN, C.Y.; LEE, H. 1998. Correlation between the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mutagenicity of airborne particulate samples from Taichung City. Taiwan. Environ. Res. 78:43-49. MANNINO, M.R.; ORECCHIO, S. 2008. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust matter of Palermo (Italy) area: Extraction, GC-MS analysis, distribution and sources. Atmos. Environ. 42:1801-1817. MAYKUT, N.N.; LEWTAS, J.; KIM, E.; LARSON, T.V. 2003. Source Apportionment of PM2.5 at an Urban Improve site in Seattle, WA. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:5135-5142. MELÉNDEZ GÉLVEZ, I.; MARTÍNEZ MONTAÑEZ, M.L.; QUIJANO PARRA, A. 2012. Actividad mutagénica y genotóxica en el material particulado fracción respirable MP2,5, en Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Latreia. 25(4):347-356. MILAEVA, E.R. 2011. Metal-based antioxidants--potential therapeutic candidates for prevention the oxidative stress-related carcinogenesis: mini-review. Curr. Top Med Chem. 11(21):2703-2713. PACHÓN, J.; GARCÍA, H.; BUSTOS, M.; BRAVO, H.; SOSA, R. 2004. Determinación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en muestras de partículas atmosféricas en la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Meteorol. Colomb. 8:27-35. PING, L.; PANUWAT, H. 2006. Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on lime spray dryer (LSD) ash using different extraction methods. Chemosph. 62:265-274. PORTET-KOLTALO, F.; OUKEBDANE, K.; DIONNET, F.; DESBENE, P.L. 2008. Optimisation of the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated derivatives from diesel particulate matter using microwave-assisted extraction. Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem. 390:389-398. RIGER, C.J.; FERNANDES, P.N.; VILELA, L.F.; MIELNICZKI-PEREIRA, A.A.; BONATTO, D.; HENRIQUES, J.A.; ELEUTHERIO, E.C. 2011. Evaluation of heavy metal toxicity in eukaryotes using a simple functional assay. Metallomics. 3(12):1355-1361. RoC, 2009. National Toxicology Program (NTP): Report on Carcinogens. U. S. Department of Health and Human services, Public Health Service. National Toxicology Program (NTP). s.p. SHAH, M.H.; SHAHEEN, N.; JAFFAR, M.; KHALIQUE, A.; TARIQ, S.R.; MANZOOR, S. 2006. Spatial variations in selected metal contents and particle size distribution in an urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. J. Environ. Manag. 78:128-137. SHAHEEN, N.; SHAH, M.H.; KHALIQUE, A.; JAFFAR, M. 2005. Metal levels in airborne particulate matter in urban Islamabad, Pakistan. Bull. Environ. Contam. Tox. 75(4):739-746. STRAIF, K.; BAAN, R.; GROSSE, Y.; SECRETAN, B.; EI, G.F.; COGLIANO, V. 2006. Carcinogenicity of household solid fuel combustion and high temperature frying, Lancet Oncol. 7:977-978. TAGA, R.; TANG, N.; HATTORI, T.; TAMURA, K.; SAKAI, S.; TORIBA, A.; KIZU, R.; HAYAKAWA, V. 2005. Direct-acting mutagenicity of extracts of coal burningderived particulates and contribution of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mutat. Res. 581:91-95. U.S. EPA. 2002. 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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/937 |
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https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v17.n1.2014.937 |
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0123-4226 |
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2619-2551 |
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10.31910/rudca.v17.n1.2014.937 |
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33 |
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