Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes
.
La fuerza y la potencia muscular han sido valoradas en el contexto deportivo o de la salud, con el propósito de determinar su grado de desarrollo; sin embargo, la evidencia de la relación que pude existir entre ellas es escasa y contradictoria. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre diferentes manifestaciones de fuerza y de potencia muscular. 37 hombres y 13 mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 23 años, participaron en el estudio. Se evaluó, en miembros superiores e inferiores, la fuerza isométrica, dinámica y la potencia y se midió talla, peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de fuerza prensil (FP) de la mano derecha e izquierda (p<0,4... Ver más
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Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes Relationships between various manifestations of the force in different muscle groups in young adults La fuerza y la potencia muscular han sido valoradas en el contexto deportivo o de la salud, con el propósito de determinar su grado de desarrollo; sin embargo, la evidencia de la relación que pude existir entre ellas es escasa y contradictoria. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre diferentes manifestaciones de fuerza y de potencia muscular. 37 hombres y 13 mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 23 años, participaron en el estudio. Se evaluó, en miembros superiores e inferiores, la fuerza isométrica, dinámica y la potencia y se midió talla, peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de fuerza prensil (FP) de la mano derecha e izquierda (p<0,414). La potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS), se obtuvo con una carga del 4,0%. Se observaron buenas correlaciones (0,608**-0,869**), entre: FP y potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS) e inferiores (PMMI); fuerza máxima isométrica del tren inferior (FMII) y potencia media fase propulsiva en press pecho (PMPP); fuerza máxima en media sentadilla (1RMS) con fuerza máxima en press pecho (1RMP), potencia media fase propulsiva en media sentadilla (PMPS) y velocidad media propulsiva en press pecho (VMPP); RMP con PMPP, PMMS, PMMI y PMPS; PMMS con PMMI, PMPS y PMPP; PMMI, con PMPS y VMP en media sentadilla (VMPS); salto con contra movimiento (CMJ) con el salto sin contra movimiento SJ ; VMPS con PMPS; PMPSP con PMPP; PMMS con CMJ; VMPP con PMMS; y PMPP con CMJ. Strength and muscular power have been evaluated in the sports or health context to determine their degree of development, however evidence of the relationship between these two muscular manifestations is limited and contradictory. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between different manifestations of strength and muscular power. Thirty-seven men and thirteen women aged between19 and 23 years participated in this study. We assessed the power and the isometric and dynamic strengthin upper and lower limbs; and size, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. No significant differences were identified between prehensile force (PF) values of left and right hand (p-value<0.414). The maximum power of upper limbs (PMMS) was obtained with a4.0% load. Good correlations were observed (0.608**-0.869**) between: PF and maximum power of upper limbs and lower limbs (PMMI); the maximum isometric force of the lower train (FMII) and the mean power propulsive phase in chest press (PMPP); the maximum force in half squat (1RMS) with maximum force in chest press (RMP), the mean power propulsive in half-squat (PMPS) and the mean propulsive velocity in the chest press (VMPP); the RMP with PMPP, PMMS, PMMI and PMPS; the PMMS with PMMI, PMPS and PMPP; the PMMI with PMPS and the VMP in half squat (VMPS); the counter movement jump (CMJ) with squat jump (SJ); the VMPS with PMPS; the PMPSP with PMPP; the PMMS with CMJ; the VMPP with PMMS; and finally, the PMPP with CMJ. Fernández Ortega, Jairo Alejandro Hoyos Cuartas, Luz Amelia Fuerza isométrica potencia fuerza máxima dinámica Isometric strength muscular power maximum dynamic strength young adult 20 1 Núm. 1 , Año 2017 :Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica. Enero - Junio Artículo de revista Journal article 2017-06-30T00:00:00Z 2017-06-30T00:00:00Z 2017-06-30 application/pdf text/html Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica 0123-4226 2619-2551 https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/407 10.31910/rudca.v20.n1.2017.407 https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v20.n1.2017.407 spa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 33 42 BEN AYED, K.; LATIRI, I.; DORE, E.; TABKA, Z. 2011. Leg muscle power in 12-year-old black and white Tunisian football players. Res. Sports Med. 19(2):103-117. CARLOCK, J.; SMITH, S.; HARTMAN, M.; MORRIS, R.; CIROSLAN, D.; PIERCE, K.; STONE, M. 2004. The relationship between vertical jump power estimates and weightlifting ability: a field-test approach. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):534-539. CASTRO-PINERO, J.; ORTEGA, F.; ARTERO, E.; GIRELA-REJON, M.; MORA, J.; SJOSTROM, M.; RUIZ, J. 2010. Assessing muscular strength in youth: usefulness of standing long jump as a general index of muscular fitness. J. Strength Cond. Res. 24(7):1810-1817. CORMIE, P. 2011. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1-biological basis of maximal power production. SportsMed 41(1):17-38. DAVIES, C.; WEMYSS-HOLDEN, J.; YOUNG, K. 1984. Measurement of short term power output: comparison between cycling and jumping. Ergonomics. 27(3):285-296. DORE, E.; BEDU, M.; VAN PRAAGH, E. 2008. Squat jump performance during growth in both sexes: comparison with cycling power. Res. Q Exerc. Sport. 79(4):517-524. GOODWAY, J.; ROBINSON, L.; CROWE, H. 2010. Gender differences in fundamental motor skill development in disadvantaged preschoolers from two geographical regions. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 81(1):17-24. GOROSTIAGA, E.; ASIAIN, X.; IZQUIERDO, M.; POSTIGO, A.; AGUADO, R.; ALONSO, J.; IBANEZ, J. 2010. Vertical jump performance and blood ammonia and lactate levels during typical training sessions in elite 400-m runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 24(4):1138- 1149. HAFF, G.; NIMPHIUS, S. 2012. Training Principles for Power. Strength and Conditioning J. 34(6):3-12. IKEDA, Y.; KIJIMA, K.; KAWABATA, K.; FUCHIMOTO, T.; ITO, A. 2007. Relationship between side medicineball throw performance and physical ability for male and female athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.99(1):47-55. IZQUIERDO, M.; HAKKINEN, K.; GONZALEZ-BADILLO, J.; IBANEZ, J.; GOROSTIAGA, E. 2002. Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(3):264-271. JONES, M.; JAGIM, A.; HAFF, G.; CARR, P.; MARTIN, J.; OLIVER, J. 2016. Greater Strength Drives Difference in Power between Sexes in the Conventional Deadlift Exercise. Sports. 4(43):1-10. KAWAMORI, N.; HAFF, G. 2004. The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):675-684. KHAMOUI, A.; BROWN, L.; NGUYEN, D.; URIBE, B.; COBURN, J.; NOFFAL, G.; TRAN, T. 2011. Relationship between force-time and velocity-time characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Strength Cond. Res. 25(1):198-204. LINNAMO, V.; MORITANI, T.; NICOL, C.; KOMI, P. 2003. Motor unit activation patterns during isometric, concentric and eccentric actions at different force levels. J. Electromyogr Kinesiol. 13(1):93-101. LUND, R.; DOLNY, D.; BROWDER, K. 2006. Strength- power relationships during two lower extremity movements in female division I rowers. J. Ex. Phys. 9(3):41-52. MCCARTHY, J.; HUNTER, G.; LARSON-MEYER, D.; BAMMAN, M.; LANDERS, K.; NEWCOMER, B. 2006. Ethnic differences in triceps surae muscle-tendon complex and walking economy. J Strength Cond Res. 20(3):511-8. MCGUIGAN, M.; NEWTON, M.; WINCHESTER, J.; NELSON, A. 2010. Relationship between isometric and dynamic strength in recreationally trained men. Strength Cond. Res. 24(9):2570-2573. NACLERIO, F.; COLADO, J.; RHEA, M.; BUNKER, D.; TRIPLETT, N. 2009. The influence of strength and power on muscle endurance test performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 23 (5):1482-1488. NUZZO, J.; MCBRIDE, J.; CORMIE, P.; MCCAULLEY, G. 2008. Relationship between countermovement jump performance and multijoint isometric and dynamic tests of strength. J. Strength Cond. Res. 22(3):699-707. PREEDY, V.; PETERS, T. 2002. Muscle pathologie diagnosis and management of disease. London: Greenwich medical media. 716p. ROUIS, M.; ATTIOGBE, E.; VANDEWALLE, H.; JAAFAR, H.; NOAKES, T.; DRISS, T. 2015. Relationship between vertical jump and maximal power output of legs and arms: effects of ethnicity and sport. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 25(2):e197-207. ROUIS, M.; COUDRAT, L.; JAAFAR, H.; ATTIOGBE, E.; VANDEWALLE, H.; DRISS, T. 2016. Effects of ethnicity on the relationship between vertical jump and maximal power on a cycle ergometer. J Hum Kinet.51:209-16. STONE, M.; O›BRYANT, H.; MCCOY, L.; COGLIANESE, R.; LEHMKUHL, M.; SCHILLING, B. 2003a. Power and maximum strength relationships during performance of dynamic and static weighted jumps. Strength Cond. Res. 17(1):140-147. STONE, M.; SANBORN, K.; O›BRYANT, H.; HARTMAN, M.; STONE, M.; PROULX, C.; HRUBY, J. 2003b. Maximum strength-power-performance relationships in collegiate throwers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 17(4):739-745. VAARA, J.; KYROLAINEN, H.; NIEMI, J.; OHRANKAMMEN, O.; HAKKINEN, A.; KOCAY, S.; HAKKINEN, K. 2012. Associations of maximal strength and muscular endurance test scores with cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. J. Strength Cond. Res. 26(8):2078-2086. VANDEWALLE, H.; PERES, G.; HELLER, J.; PANEL, J.; MONOD, H. 1987. Force-velocity relationship and maximal power on a cycle ergometer. Correlation with the height of a vertical jump. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 56(6):650-656. WINCHESTER, J.; ERICKSON, T.; BLAAK, J.; MCBRIDE, J. 2005. Changes in bar-path kinematics and kinetics after power-clean training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 19(1):177-183. https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/download/407/349 https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/download/407/1361 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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UNIVERSIDAD DE CIENCIAS APLICADAS Y AMBIENTALES |
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Colombia |
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Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica |
title |
Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes |
spellingShingle |
Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes Fernández Ortega, Jairo Alejandro Hoyos Cuartas, Luz Amelia Fuerza isométrica potencia fuerza máxima dinámica Isometric strength muscular power maximum dynamic strength young adult |
title_short |
Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes |
title_full |
Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes |
title_fullStr |
Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes |
title_sort |
relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes |
title_eng |
Relationships between various manifestations of the force in different muscle groups in young adults |
description |
La fuerza y la potencia muscular han sido valoradas en el contexto deportivo o de la salud, con el propósito de determinar su grado de desarrollo; sin embargo, la evidencia de la relación que pude existir entre ellas es escasa y contradictoria. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre diferentes manifestaciones de fuerza y de potencia muscular. 37 hombres y 13 mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 23 años, participaron en el estudio. Se evaluó, en miembros superiores e inferiores, la fuerza isométrica, dinámica y la potencia y se midió talla, peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de fuerza prensil (FP) de la mano derecha e izquierda (p<0,414). La potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS), se obtuvo con una carga del 4,0%. Se observaron buenas correlaciones (0,608**-0,869**), entre: FP y potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS) e inferiores (PMMI); fuerza máxima isométrica del tren inferior (FMII) y potencia media fase propulsiva en press pecho (PMPP); fuerza máxima en media sentadilla (1RMS) con fuerza máxima en press pecho (1RMP), potencia media fase propulsiva en media sentadilla (PMPS) y velocidad media propulsiva en press pecho (VMPP); RMP con PMPP, PMMS, PMMI y PMPS; PMMS con PMMI, PMPS y PMPP; PMMI, con PMPS y VMP en media sentadilla (VMPS); salto con contra movimiento (CMJ) con el salto sin contra movimiento SJ ; VMPS con PMPS; PMPSP con PMPP; PMMS con CMJ; VMPP con PMMS; y PMPP con CMJ.
|
description_eng |
Strength and muscular power have been evaluated in the sports or health context to determine their degree of development, however evidence of the relationship between these two muscular manifestations is limited and contradictory. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between different manifestations of strength and muscular power. Thirty-seven men and thirteen women aged between19 and 23 years participated in this study. We assessed the power and the isometric and dynamic strengthin upper and lower limbs; and size, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. No significant differences were identified between prehensile force (PF) values of left and right hand (p-value<0.414). The maximum power of upper limbs (PMMS) was obtained with a4.0% load. Good correlations were observed (0.608**-0.869**) between: PF and maximum power of upper limbs and lower limbs (PMMI); the maximum isometric force of the lower train (FMII) and the mean power propulsive phase in chest press (PMPP); the maximum force in half squat (1RMS) with maximum force in chest press (RMP), the mean power propulsive in half-squat (PMPS) and the mean propulsive velocity in the chest press (VMPP); the RMP with PMPP, PMMS, PMMI and PMPS; the PMMS with PMMI, PMPS and PMPP; the PMMI with PMPS and the VMP in half squat (VMPS); the counter movement jump (CMJ) with squat jump (SJ); the VMPS with PMPS; the PMPSP with PMPP; the PMMS with CMJ; the VMPP with PMMS; and finally, the PMPP with CMJ.
|
author |
Fernández Ortega, Jairo Alejandro Hoyos Cuartas, Luz Amelia |
author_facet |
Fernández Ortega, Jairo Alejandro Hoyos Cuartas, Luz Amelia |
topicspa_str_mv |
Fuerza isométrica potencia fuerza máxima dinámica |
topic |
Fuerza isométrica potencia fuerza máxima dinámica Isometric strength muscular power maximum dynamic strength young adult |
topic_facet |
Fuerza isométrica potencia fuerza máxima dinámica Isometric strength muscular power maximum dynamic strength young adult |
citationvolume |
20 |
citationissue |
1 |
citationedition |
Núm. 1 , Año 2017 :Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica. Enero - Junio |
publisher |
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A |
ispartofjournal |
Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica |
source |
https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/407 |
language |
spa |
format |
Article |
rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
references |
BEN AYED, K.; LATIRI, I.; DORE, E.; TABKA, Z. 2011. Leg muscle power in 12-year-old black and white Tunisian football players. Res. Sports Med. 19(2):103-117. CARLOCK, J.; SMITH, S.; HARTMAN, M.; MORRIS, R.; CIROSLAN, D.; PIERCE, K.; STONE, M. 2004. The relationship between vertical jump power estimates and weightlifting ability: a field-test approach. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):534-539. CASTRO-PINERO, J.; ORTEGA, F.; ARTERO, E.; GIRELA-REJON, M.; MORA, J.; SJOSTROM, M.; RUIZ, J. 2010. Assessing muscular strength in youth: usefulness of standing long jump as a general index of muscular fitness. J. Strength Cond. Res. 24(7):1810-1817. CORMIE, P. 2011. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1-biological basis of maximal power production. SportsMed 41(1):17-38. DAVIES, C.; WEMYSS-HOLDEN, J.; YOUNG, K. 1984. Measurement of short term power output: comparison between cycling and jumping. Ergonomics. 27(3):285-296. DORE, E.; BEDU, M.; VAN PRAAGH, E. 2008. Squat jump performance during growth in both sexes: comparison with cycling power. Res. Q Exerc. Sport. 79(4):517-524. GOODWAY, J.; ROBINSON, L.; CROWE, H. 2010. Gender differences in fundamental motor skill development in disadvantaged preschoolers from two geographical regions. Research quarterly for exercise and sport. 81(1):17-24. GOROSTIAGA, E.; ASIAIN, X.; IZQUIERDO, M.; POSTIGO, A.; AGUADO, R.; ALONSO, J.; IBANEZ, J. 2010. Vertical jump performance and blood ammonia and lactate levels during typical training sessions in elite 400-m runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 24(4):1138- 1149. HAFF, G.; NIMPHIUS, S. 2012. Training Principles for Power. Strength and Conditioning J. 34(6):3-12. IKEDA, Y.; KIJIMA, K.; KAWABATA, K.; FUCHIMOTO, T.; ITO, A. 2007. Relationship between side medicineball throw performance and physical ability for male and female athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.99(1):47-55. IZQUIERDO, M.; HAKKINEN, K.; GONZALEZ-BADILLO, J.; IBANEZ, J.; GOROSTIAGA, E. 2002. Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(3):264-271. JONES, M.; JAGIM, A.; HAFF, G.; CARR, P.; MARTIN, J.; OLIVER, J. 2016. Greater Strength Drives Difference in Power between Sexes in the Conventional Deadlift Exercise. Sports. 4(43):1-10. KAWAMORI, N.; HAFF, G. 2004. The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):675-684. KHAMOUI, A.; BROWN, L.; NGUYEN, D.; URIBE, B.; COBURN, J.; NOFFAL, G.; TRAN, T. 2011. Relationship between force-time and velocity-time characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Strength Cond. Res. 25(1):198-204. LINNAMO, V.; MORITANI, T.; NICOL, C.; KOMI, P. 2003. Motor unit activation patterns during isometric, concentric and eccentric actions at different force levels. J. Electromyogr Kinesiol. 13(1):93-101. LUND, R.; DOLNY, D.; BROWDER, K. 2006. Strength- power relationships during two lower extremity movements in female division I rowers. J. Ex. Phys. 9(3):41-52. MCCARTHY, J.; HUNTER, G.; LARSON-MEYER, D.; BAMMAN, M.; LANDERS, K.; NEWCOMER, B. 2006. Ethnic differences in triceps surae muscle-tendon complex and walking economy. J Strength Cond Res. 20(3):511-8. MCGUIGAN, M.; NEWTON, M.; WINCHESTER, J.; NELSON, A. 2010. Relationship between isometric and dynamic strength in recreationally trained men. Strength Cond. Res. 24(9):2570-2573. NACLERIO, F.; COLADO, J.; RHEA, M.; BUNKER, D.; TRIPLETT, N. 2009. The influence of strength and power on muscle endurance test performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 23 (5):1482-1488. NUZZO, J.; MCBRIDE, J.; CORMIE, P.; MCCAULLEY, G. 2008. Relationship between countermovement jump performance and multijoint isometric and dynamic tests of strength. J. Strength Cond. Res. 22(3):699-707. PREEDY, V.; PETERS, T. 2002. Muscle pathologie diagnosis and management of disease. London: Greenwich medical media. 716p. ROUIS, M.; ATTIOGBE, E.; VANDEWALLE, H.; JAAFAR, H.; NOAKES, T.; DRISS, T. 2015. Relationship between vertical jump and maximal power output of legs and arms: effects of ethnicity and sport. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 25(2):e197-207. ROUIS, M.; COUDRAT, L.; JAAFAR, H.; ATTIOGBE, E.; VANDEWALLE, H.; DRISS, T. 2016. Effects of ethnicity on the relationship between vertical jump and maximal power on a cycle ergometer. J Hum Kinet.51:209-16. STONE, M.; O›BRYANT, H.; MCCOY, L.; COGLIANESE, R.; LEHMKUHL, M.; SCHILLING, B. 2003a. Power and maximum strength relationships during performance of dynamic and static weighted jumps. Strength Cond. Res. 17(1):140-147. STONE, M.; SANBORN, K.; O›BRYANT, H.; HARTMAN, M.; STONE, M.; PROULX, C.; HRUBY, J. 2003b. Maximum strength-power-performance relationships in collegiate throwers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 17(4):739-745. VAARA, J.; KYROLAINEN, H.; NIEMI, J.; OHRANKAMMEN, O.; HAKKINEN, A.; KOCAY, S.; HAKKINEN, K. 2012. Associations of maximal strength and muscular endurance test scores with cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. J. Strength Cond. Res. 26(8):2078-2086. VANDEWALLE, H.; PERES, G.; HELLER, J.; PANEL, J.; MONOD, H. 1987. Force-velocity relationship and maximal power on a cycle ergometer. Correlation with the height of a vertical jump. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 56(6):650-656. WINCHESTER, J.; ERICKSON, T.; BLAAK, J.; MCBRIDE, J. 2005. Changes in bar-path kinematics and kinetics after power-clean training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 19(1):177-183. |
type_driver |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
type_coar |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
type_version |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
type_coarversion |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
type_content |
Text |
publishDate |
2017-06-30 |
date_accessioned |
2017-06-30T00:00:00Z |
date_available |
2017-06-30T00:00:00Z |
url |
https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/view/407 |
url_doi |
https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v20.n1.2017.407 |
issn |
0123-4226 |
eissn |
2619-2551 |
doi |
10.31910/rudca.v20.n1.2017.407 |
citationstartpage |
33 |
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42 |
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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/download/407/349 |
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https://revistas.udca.edu.co/index.php/ruadc/article/download/407/1361 |
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