Titulo:
Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh
.
Sumario:
El propósito de este estudio es investigar el impacto del gasto militar en el desempleo en Bangladesh, investigando la cointegración entre desempleo, gasto militar e inversión extranjera directa (IED). También aclaran las dinámicas de corto y largo plazo de estas variables. El estudio utiliza el enfoque ARDL con prueba de límites para investigar la cointegración entre variables mediante series de tiempo con datos anuales para el periodo 1990-2018. La variabledependiente es el desempleo y las variables independientes son el gasto militar y la IED. La investigación encontró una relación de larga duración entre las variables. Un incrmento en el gasto militar reduce el desempleo significativamente en el corto plazo, sin embargo, no se encontró... Ver más
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Abu Hanif, Muhammad Salah Uddin, Tahsin Bakirtas, Sheikh Abdul Kader - 2023
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Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh Military Expenditure and Unemployment Nexus in Bangladesh El propósito de este estudio es investigar el impacto del gasto militar en el desempleo en Bangladesh, investigando la cointegración entre desempleo, gasto militar e inversión extranjera directa (IED). También aclaran las dinámicas de corto y largo plazo de estas variables. El estudio utiliza el enfoque ARDL con prueba de límites para investigar la cointegración entre variables mediante series de tiempo con datos anuales para el periodo 1990-2018. La variabledependiente es el desempleo y las variables independientes son el gasto militar y la IED. La investigación encontró una relación de larga duración entre las variables. Un incrmento en el gasto militar reduce el desempleo significativamente en el corto plazo, sin embargo, no se encontró ninguna relación significativa de largo plazo. A mayor la IED, mayor el desempleo en el largo plazo. Este estudio contribuye a cerrar la brecha en investigación sobre el impacto del gasto militar y la IED en el desempleo. Por lo que sabemos, este es el primer estudio en analizar la relación entre desempleo, gasto militar e IED en Bangladesh mediante ARDL con prueba de límites mediante series de tiempo con datos anuales. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of military expenditure on unemployment in Bangladesh, examining the cointegration among unemployment, military expenditure, and foreign direct investment. It also sheds light on the short and longrun dynamics of the variables under consideration. The study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach to investigate the cointegration among the variables using time series annual data from the period of 1990-2018. The dependant variable is unemployment and military expenditure and FDI are the independent variables. Thisresearch found a long run relationship among the variables. An increase in military expenditure significantly reduces unemployment in the short run, however, no significant long-run relationship is found. The higher FDI, the higher unemployment in the long run. This study contributes to fill the research gap regarding theimpact of military expenditure and FDI on unemployment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship among unemployment, military expenditure and FDI in Bangladesh using ARDL bounds testing approach with time series annual data. Hanif, Abu Salah Uddin, Muhammad Bakirtas, Tahsin Kader, Sheikh Abdul Unemployment military expenditure FDI ARDL Bangladesh Desempleo gasto militar IED ARDL Bangladesh 15 1 Artículo de revista Journal article 2023-03-23T00:00:00Z 2023-03-23T00:00:00Z 2023-03-23 text/html application/pdf text/xml Universidad Católica de Colombia Revista Finanzas y Política Económica 2248-6046 2011-7663 https://revfinypolecon.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/4691 10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.v15.n1.2023.7 https://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.v15.n1.2023.7 eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Abu Hanif, Muhammad Salah Uddin, Tahsin Bakirtas, Sheikh Abdul Kader - 2023 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. 157 184 Ahmad, F. (2013). The effect of oil prices on unemployment: Evidence from Pakistan. Business and Economics Research Journal, 4(1), 43. Azam, M., Khan, F., Zaman, K., & Rasli, A. Md. (2016). Military expenditures and unemployment nexus for selected South Asian Countries. Social Indicators Research, 127(3), 1103–1117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0993-7 . Aijaz Syed, A. (2021). The asymmetric relationship between military expenditure, economic growth and industrial productivity: An empirical analysis of India, China and Pakistan via the NARDL approach. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, 13(1), 77-97. Anwar, A. (2017). The Relationship between Poverty, Income Inequality and Unemployment: Evidence from ARDL and Bound Testing Approach. Arouri, M., Ben Youssef, A., M'henni, H., & Rault, C. (2014). Exploring the causality links between energy and employment in African countries. IZA Discussions Pappers. Bakirtas, T., & Akpolat, A. G. (2020). The relationship between crude oil exports, crude oil prices and military expenditures in some OPEC countries. Resources Policy, 67, 101659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101659 Brincikova, Z., & Darmo, L. (2014). The impact of FDI inflow on employment in V4 countries. European Scientific Journal, 1(Special Ed.). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2014.v10n7p%25p Chester, E. (1978). Military spending and capitalist stability. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2(3), 293-298. Chowdhury, M., & Hossain, M. (2014). Determinants of unemployment in Bangladesh: A case study. Developing Country Studies, 4(3). Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348 Dunne, P., & Smith, R. (1990). Military expenditure and unemployment in the OECD. Defence and Peace Economics, 1(1), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719008404650 Eita, J. H., & Ashipala, J. M. (2010). Determinants of unemployment in Namibia. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(10), 92. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n10p92 Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236 George, E., & Oseni, J. (2012). The relationship between electricity power and unemployment rates in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20120202A02 Henderson, E. A. (1998). Military spending and poverty. The Journal of Politics, 60(2), 503-520. https://doi.org/10.2307/2647920 Hooker, M., & Knetter, M. (1994). Unemployment effects of military spending: evidence from a panel of states. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Papers 4889 Hoover, K. D. (1995). Relative wages, rationality, and involuntary unemployment in Keynes's labor market. History of Political Economy, 27(4), 653-685. Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1551-1580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938278 Kollias, C., Paleologou, S.-M., & Tzeremes, P. (2020). Defence spending and unemployment in the USA: Disaggregated analysis by gender and age groups. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2018-0052 . Malizard, J. (2014). Defense spending and unemployment in France. Defence and Peace Economics, 25(6), 635-642. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2013.857450 Maqbool, M. S., Mahmood, T., Sattar, A., & Bhalli, M. (2013). Determinants of unemployment: Empirical evidences from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 51(2), 191-208. Mpanju, A. K. (2012). The impact of foreign direct investment on employment creation in Tanzania. International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research, 2(1), 126-139. Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371-413. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616 Raju, M. H., & Ahmed, Z. (2019). Effect of military expenditure on economic growth: evidences from India, Pakistan, and China using cointegration and causality analysis. Asian Journal of German and European Studies, 4, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40856-019-0040-6 Satya, P. (1996). Defence spending and unemployment rates. An empirical analysis for the OECD. Journal of Economic Studies, 23(2), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610109667 Siddika, R., & Ahmad, S. (2022). Trade liberalization and economic growth: A cross-country study using updated Sachs-Warner Index. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 10(3), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.55493/5009.v10i3.4581 Tang, J. H., Lai, C. C., & Lin, E. S. (2009). Military expenditure and unemployment rates: Granger causality tests using global panel data. Defence and Peace Economics, 20(4), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690903105257 Zeb, N., Qiang, F., & Sharif, M. (2014). Foreign direct investment and unemployment reduction in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Research, 5(2), 10-17. Zhong, M., Chang, T., Tang, D. P., & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2015). The causal nexus between military spending and unemployment in the G7: A bootstrap panel causality test. Defence and Peace Economics, 26(6), 609–622. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.994835 . Yule, G. U. (1926). Why do we sometimes get nonsense-correlations between Time Series?--a study in sampling and the nature of time-series. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 89(1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/2341482 World Development Indicators DataBank. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicator https://revfinypolecon.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/4691/4681 https://revfinypolecon.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/4691/4624 https://revfinypolecon.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/4691/4682 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE COLOMBIA |
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Colombia |
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Revista Finanzas y Política Económica |
| title |
Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh |
| spellingShingle |
Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh Hanif, Abu Salah Uddin, Muhammad Bakirtas, Tahsin Kader, Sheikh Abdul Unemployment military expenditure ARDL Bangladesh Desempleo gasto militar ARDL Bangladesh |
| title_short |
Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh |
| title_full |
Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr |
Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en Bangladesh |
| title_sort |
nexo entre gasto militar y desempleo en bangladesh |
| title_eng |
Military Expenditure and Unemployment Nexus in Bangladesh |
| description |
El propósito de este estudio es investigar el impacto del gasto militar en el desempleo en Bangladesh, investigando la cointegración entre desempleo, gasto militar e inversión extranjera directa (IED). También aclaran las dinámicas de corto y largo plazo de estas variables. El estudio utiliza el enfoque ARDL con prueba de límites para investigar la cointegración entre variables mediante series de tiempo con datos anuales para el periodo 1990-2018. La variabledependiente es el desempleo y las variables independientes son el gasto militar y la IED. La investigación encontró una relación de larga duración entre las variables. Un incrmento en el gasto militar reduce el desempleo significativamente en el corto plazo, sin embargo, no se encontró ninguna relación significativa de largo plazo. A mayor la IED, mayor el desempleo en el largo plazo. Este estudio contribuye a cerrar la brecha en investigación sobre el impacto del gasto militar y la IED en el desempleo. Por lo que sabemos, este es el primer estudio en analizar la relación entre desempleo, gasto militar e IED en Bangladesh mediante ARDL con prueba de límites mediante series de tiempo con datos anuales.
|
| description_eng |
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of military expenditure on unemployment in Bangladesh, examining the cointegration among unemployment, military expenditure, and foreign direct investment. It also sheds light on the short and longrun dynamics of the variables under consideration. The study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach to investigate the cointegration among the variables using time series annual data from the period of 1990-2018. The dependant variable is unemployment and military expenditure and FDI are the independent variables. Thisresearch found a long run relationship among the variables. An increase in military expenditure significantly reduces unemployment in the short run, however, no significant long-run relationship is found. The higher FDI, the higher unemployment in the long run. This study contributes to fill the research gap regarding theimpact of military expenditure and FDI on unemployment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship among unemployment, military expenditure and FDI in Bangladesh using ARDL bounds testing approach with time series annual data.
|
| author |
Hanif, Abu Salah Uddin, Muhammad Bakirtas, Tahsin Kader, Sheikh Abdul |
| author_facet |
Hanif, Abu Salah Uddin, Muhammad Bakirtas, Tahsin Kader, Sheikh Abdul |
| topic |
Unemployment military expenditure ARDL Bangladesh Desempleo gasto militar ARDL Bangladesh |
| topic_facet |
Unemployment military expenditure ARDL Bangladesh Desempleo gasto militar ARDL Bangladesh |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Desempleo gasto militar ARDL Bangladesh |
| citationvolume |
15 |
| citationissue |
1 |
| publisher |
Universidad Católica de Colombia |
| ispartofjournal |
Revista Finanzas y Política Económica |
| source |
https://revfinypolecon.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/4691 |
| language |
eng |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Abu Hanif, Muhammad Salah Uddin, Tahsin Bakirtas, Sheikh Abdul Kader - 2023 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references_eng |
Ahmad, F. (2013). The effect of oil prices on unemployment: Evidence from Pakistan. Business and Economics Research Journal, 4(1), 43. Azam, M., Khan, F., Zaman, K., & Rasli, A. Md. (2016). Military expenditures and unemployment nexus for selected South Asian Countries. Social Indicators Research, 127(3), 1103–1117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0993-7 . Aijaz Syed, A. (2021). The asymmetric relationship between military expenditure, economic growth and industrial productivity: An empirical analysis of India, China and Pakistan via the NARDL approach. Revista Finanzas y Política Económica, 13(1), 77-97. Anwar, A. (2017). The Relationship between Poverty, Income Inequality and Unemployment: Evidence from ARDL and Bound Testing Approach. Arouri, M., Ben Youssef, A., M'henni, H., & Rault, C. (2014). Exploring the causality links between energy and employment in African countries. IZA Discussions Pappers. Bakirtas, T., & Akpolat, A. G. (2020). The relationship between crude oil exports, crude oil prices and military expenditures in some OPEC countries. Resources Policy, 67, 101659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101659 Brincikova, Z., & Darmo, L. (2014). The impact of FDI inflow on employment in V4 countries. European Scientific Journal, 1(Special Ed.). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2014.v10n7p%25p Chester, E. (1978). Military spending and capitalist stability. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2(3), 293-298. Chowdhury, M., & Hossain, M. (2014). Determinants of unemployment in Bangladesh: A case study. Developing Country Studies, 4(3). Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348 Dunne, P., & Smith, R. (1990). Military expenditure and unemployment in the OECD. Defence and Peace Economics, 1(1), 57-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719008404650 Eita, J. H., & Ashipala, J. M. (2010). Determinants of unemployment in Namibia. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(10), 92. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n10p92 Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236 George, E., & Oseni, J. (2012). The relationship between electricity power and unemployment rates in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20120202A02 Henderson, E. A. (1998). Military spending and poverty. The Journal of Politics, 60(2), 503-520. https://doi.org/10.2307/2647920 Hooker, M., & Knetter, M. (1994). Unemployment effects of military spending: evidence from a panel of states. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Papers 4889 Hoover, K. D. (1995). Relative wages, rationality, and involuntary unemployment in Keynes's labor market. History of Political Economy, 27(4), 653-685. Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian vector autoregressive models. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1551-1580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938278 Kollias, C., Paleologou, S.-M., & Tzeremes, P. (2020). Defence spending and unemployment in the USA: Disaggregated analysis by gender and age groups. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2018-0052 . Malizard, J. (2014). Defense spending and unemployment in France. Defence and Peace Economics, 25(6), 635-642. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2013.857450 Maqbool, M. S., Mahmood, T., Sattar, A., & Bhalli, M. (2013). Determinants of unemployment: Empirical evidences from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 51(2), 191-208. Mpanju, A. K. (2012). The impact of foreign direct investment on employment creation in Tanzania. International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research, 2(1), 126-139. Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371-413. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616 Raju, M. H., & Ahmed, Z. (2019). Effect of military expenditure on economic growth: evidences from India, Pakistan, and China using cointegration and causality analysis. Asian Journal of German and European Studies, 4, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40856-019-0040-6 Satya, P. (1996). Defence spending and unemployment rates. An empirical analysis for the OECD. Journal of Economic Studies, 23(2), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589610109667 Siddika, R., & Ahmad, S. (2022). Trade liberalization and economic growth: A cross-country study using updated Sachs-Warner Index. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 10(3), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.55493/5009.v10i3.4581 Tang, J. H., Lai, C. C., & Lin, E. S. (2009). Military expenditure and unemployment rates: Granger causality tests using global panel data. Defence and Peace Economics, 20(4), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690903105257 Zeb, N., Qiang, F., & Sharif, M. (2014). Foreign direct investment and unemployment reduction in Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Research, 5(2), 10-17. Zhong, M., Chang, T., Tang, D. P., & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2015). The causal nexus between military spending and unemployment in the G7: A bootstrap panel causality test. Defence and Peace Economics, 26(6), 609–622. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2014.994835 . Yule, G. U. (1926). Why do we sometimes get nonsense-correlations between Time Series?--a study in sampling and the nature of time-series. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 89(1), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/2341482 World Development Indicators DataBank. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicator |
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