Titulo:
¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones
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Sumario:
La palabra polarización ha ganado notoriedad tanto en los titulares periodísticos como en las publicaciones académicas, para explicar los conflictos sociales y políticos de los últimos años. A pesar de su relevancia, este concepto se usa de manera indiscriminada, por lo que su significado no siempre resulta claro. En consecuencia, esta investigación busca brindar un panorama general de la polarización en las ciencias sociales, con base en las teorías y variables que soportan su uso académico. A partir de la metodología PRISMA, se realizó una revisión de revisiones en la que se analizaron 56 publicaciones de diferentes disciplinas y bases de datos. Las publicaciones fueron evaluadas en su calidad metodológica a partir de los instrumentos AMS... Ver más
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Acta Colombiana de Psicología - 2024
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¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones What is Polarization in the Social Sciences? A Scoping Review of Reviews La palabra polarización ha ganado notoriedad tanto en los titulares periodísticos como en las publicaciones académicas, para explicar los conflictos sociales y políticos de los últimos años. A pesar de su relevancia, este concepto se usa de manera indiscriminada, por lo que su significado no siempre resulta claro. En consecuencia, esta investigación busca brindar un panorama general de la polarización en las ciencias sociales, con base en las teorías y variables que soportan su uso académico. A partir de la metodología PRISMA, se realizó una revisión de revisiones en la que se analizaron 56 publicaciones de diferentes disciplinas y bases de datos. Las publicaciones fueron evaluadas en su calidad metodológica a partir de los instrumentos AMSTAR2 y SANRA, analizadas mediante un Análisis Estadístico de Datos Textuales. Con base en dichos análisis, se delimitaron definiciones de tres clases y 19 subclases de polarización, se determinó la calidad de las revisiones y se precisaron las variables y teorías asociadas al fenómeno. La mayoría de las revisiones son narrativas, lo cual evidencia poca sistematicidad metodológica. De igual manera, la mayoría de las revisiones pertenecen a la polarización política y solo se encontraron cinco variables en relación inversa a la polarización, lo que evidencia lo poco que se ha estudiado la despolarización. The word polarization has gained notoriety both in journalistic headlines and academic publications to explain the social and political conflicts of recent years. Despite its relevance, this concept is used indiscriminately, so its meaning is not always clear. Consequently, this research aims to provide an overview of polarization in the social sciences, in terms of characteristics of polarization, theories, and associated variables that support its academic use. A review of reviews was carried out using the PRISMA methodology. 56 publications from different disciplines and databases were analyzed. The methodological quality of the publications was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 and SANRA instruments. The publications were analyzed by statistical analysis of textual data. Based on these analyses, definitions of three classes and 19 subclasses of polarization were defined. The quality of the reviews was determined, and the variables and theories associated with the phenomenon were specified. Most of the reviews are narratives, which show little methodological systematicity. Similarly, most of the reviews relate to political polarization, and only five variables were found to be inversely related to polarization, which shows how little depolarization has been studied. Garzón-Velandia, Diana Camila Barreto Galeano, María Idaly Sabucedo -Cameselle, José Manuel polarización grupal polarización política polarización social PRISMA group polarization political polarization social polarization PRISMA 27 2 Núm. 2 , Año 2024 :Acta Colombiana de Psicología Artículo de revista Journal article 2024-07-30T17:50:23Z 2024-07-30T17:50:23Z 2024-07-30 application/pdf Universidad Católica de Colombia Acta Colombiana de Psicología 0123-9155 1909-9711 https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/5927 10.14718/ACP.2024.27.2.11 https://doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2024.27.2.11 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Acta Colombiana de Psicología - 2024 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. Adams, J. F., & Rexford, N. J. (2017). Electoral systems and issue polarization. In E. S. Herron, R. J. Pekkanen, & M. S. Shugart (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems (pp. 247–261). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.013.24 Amiel, Y., Cowell, F., & Ramos, X. (2009). Poles apart? An analysis of the meaning of polarization. Review of Income and Wealth, 56, 23-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2009.00361.x Axelrod, R. (1997). The dissemination of culture: A model with local convergence and global polarization. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(2), 203–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002797041002001 Baethge, C., Goldbeck-Wood, S., & Mertens, S. (2019). SANRA—a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 4, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-019-0064-8 Banisch, S. & Olbrich, E. (2019). Opinion polarization by learning from social feedback. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 43(2), 76-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.2018.1517761 Barnir, A. (1998). Can group-and issue-related factors predict choice shift? A Meta-Analysis of Group Decisions on Life Dilemmas. Small Group Research, 29(3), 308–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496498293002 Barreto, I. (2020). Análisis estadístico de datos textuales. In P. Páramo (Ed.), La investigación en ciencias sociales: la historia del método y su filosofía (pp. 449–467). Lemoine Editores. Benedek, J., & Moldovan, A. (2015). Economic convergence and polarization: Towards a multi-dimensional approach. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 64(3), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.64.3.3 Bettenhausen, K. L. (1991). Five Years of Groups Research: What We Have Learned and What Needs to Be Addressed. Journal of Management, 17(2), 345–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700205 Bliuc, A. M., Bouguettaya, A., & Felise, K. D. (2021). Online Intergroup Polarization Across Political Fault Lines: An Integrative Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641215 Boccia Artieri, G., García-Bilbao, P. A., & La Rocca, G. (2021). Rethinking affective polarization and sharing of emotions in digital platform ecosystems. Theories and research practices. International Review of Sociology, 31(2), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2021.1947949 Bordonaba-Plou, D. (2019). Polarización como impermeabilidad: cuando las razones ajenas no importan. Cinta de Moebio, 66, 295–309. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-554X2019000300295 Bramson, A., Grim, P., Singer, D. J., Berger, W. J., Sack, G., Fisher, S., Flocken, C., & Holman, B. (2017). Understanding Polarization: Meanings, Measures, and Model Evaluation. Philosophy of Science, 84(1), 115–159. https://doi.org/10.1086/688938 Bramson, A., Grim, P., Singer, D. J., Fisher, S., Berger, W., Sack, G., & Flocken, C. (2016). Disambiguation of social polarization concepts and measures. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 40(2), 80–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.2016.1147443 Dalton, R. J. (1987). 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Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656725 Guan, T., Liu, T., & Yang, Y. (2021). Moving Away From Partisanship: Diversifying the Motives Behind Political Polarization. Political Studies Review, 19(4), 656-667. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478929920921650 Hetherington, M. J. (2009). Review article: Putting polarization in perspective. British Journal of Political Science, 39(2), 413–448. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000501 Iandoli, L., Primario, S., & Zollo, G. (2021). The impact of group polarization on the quality of online debate in social media: A systematic literature review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120924 Isenberg, D. J. (1986). Group Polarization: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personally and Social Psychology, 50(6), 1141–1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1141 Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 129-146. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034 Jones, P. E., & Roelofsma, P. H. M. P. (2000). The potential for social contextual and group biases in team decision-making: Biases, conditions and psychological mechanisms. Ergonomics, 43(8), 1129–1152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130050084914 Jost, J.T., Baldassarri, D.S. & Druckman, J.N. (2022). Cognitive–motivational mechanisms of political polarization in social-communicative contexts. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1, 560–576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00093-5 Jungkunz, S. (2021). Political Polarization During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Political Science, 3, 622512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.622512 Kubin, E., & von Sikorski, C. (2021). The role of (social) media in political polarization: a systematic review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 45(3), 188–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070 Lamm, H. (1988). A review of our research on group polarization: Eleven experiments on the effects of group discussion on risk acceptance, probability estimation, and negotiation positions. Psychological Reports, 62(3), 807–813. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.3.807 Lamm, H., & Myers, D. G. (1978). Group-Induced Polarization of Attitudes and Behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 145–195). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60007-6 Layman, G. C., Carsey, T. M., & Horowitz, J. M. (2006). Party polarization in American politics: Characteristics, causes, and consequences. Annual Review of Political Science, 9, 83–110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.070204.105138 Lebart, L., Salem, A., & Bécue Bertaut, M. (2000). Análisis estadístico de texto. Editorial Milenio. Lee, F. E. (2015). 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W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4 Pérez Zafrilla, P. J. (2021). Polarización artificial: cómo los discursos expresivos inflaman la percepción de polarización política en internet. RECERCA. Revista de Pensament i Anàlisi. https://doi.org/10.6035/recerca.4661 Prior, M. (2013). Media and political polarization. Annual Review of Political Science, 16, 101–127. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-100711-135242 Pruitt, D. G. (1971). Conclusions: toward an understanding of choice shifts in group discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20(3), 495–510. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031923 Quirk, P. J. (2011). Polarized populism: Masses, elites, and partisan conflict. Forum, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1540-8884.1428 Roberts, K. M. (2021). Populism and Polarization in Comparative Perspective: Constitutive, Spatial and Institutional Dimensions. Government and Opposition, 57(4), 680–702. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2021.14 Schaffner, B. F. (2011). Party Polarization. In G. C. Edwards III, F. E. Lee, & E. Schickler (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the American Congress (pp. 527–549). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559947.003.0023 Serrano-Puche, J. (2021). Digital disinformation and emotions: exploring the social risks of affective polarization. International Review of Sociology, 31(2), 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2021.1947953 Shea, B. J., Reeves, B. C., Wells, G., Thuku, M., Hamel, C., Moran, J., Moher, D., Tugwell, P., Welch, V., Kristjansson, E., & Henry, D. A. (2017). AMSTAR 2: A critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomized or non-randomized studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ (Online), 358. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4008 Sobkowicz, P. (2020). Whither Now, Opinion Modelers? Frontiers in Physics, 8, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.587009 Stewart, A.J., McCarty, N., Bryson, J.J. (2020). Polarization under rising inequality and economic decline. Science Advances, 6(50), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd420 Sunstein, C. R. (2022). The Law of Group Polarization. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9760.00148 Talisse, R. B. (2020). Problems of polarization. In Overdoing Democracy: Why We Must Put Politics in its Place (pp. 209–225). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893338.003.0012 Thornal, K. (2015). Partisan media and polarized politics: A meta-analysis of the relationship between partisan selective exposure and political polarization [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Gonzaga University. Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1986). 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Sobre burbujas, plataformas y polarización afectiva. Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Político, 14(2), 249–283. https://doi.org/10.46468/rsaap.14.2.A1 Weber, T. J., Hydock, C., Ding, W., Gardner, M., Jacob, P., Mandel, N., Sprott, D. E., & van Steenburg, E. (2021). Political Polarization: Challenges, Opportunities, and Hope for Consumer Welfare, Marketers, and Public Policy. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 40(2), 184–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743915621991103 Wheeler, N. E., Allidina, S., Long, E. U., Schneider, S. P., Haas, I. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2020). Ideology and predictive processing: coordination, bias, and polarization in socially constrained error minimization. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 192–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.05.002 Wilson, A. E., Parker, V., & Feinberg, M. (2020). Polarization in the contemporary political and media landscape. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.07.005 Wojcieszak, M. (2016). Polarization, Political. In G. Mazzoleni (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication (1st ed., pp. 1–7). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc168 Zhuravskaya, E., Petrova, M., & Enikolopov, R. (2020). Political Effects of the Internet and social media. Annual Review of Economics, 12, 415–438. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-081919-050239 https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/5927/5449 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE COLOMBIA |
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Acta Colombiana de Psicología |
| title |
¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones |
| spellingShingle |
¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones Garzón-Velandia, Diana Camila Barreto Galeano, María Idaly Sabucedo -Cameselle, José Manuel polarización grupal polarización política polarización social PRISMA group polarization political polarization social polarization PRISMA |
| title_short |
¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones |
| title_full |
¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones |
| title_fullStr |
¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones |
| title_full_unstemmed |
¿Qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? Una revisión de revisiones |
| title_sort |
¿qué es la polarización en las ciencias sociales? una revisión de revisiones |
| title_eng |
What is Polarization in the Social Sciences? A Scoping Review of Reviews |
| description |
La palabra polarización ha ganado notoriedad tanto en los titulares periodísticos como en las publicaciones académicas, para explicar los conflictos sociales y políticos de los últimos años. A pesar de su relevancia, este concepto se usa de manera indiscriminada, por lo que su significado no siempre resulta claro. En consecuencia, esta investigación busca brindar un panorama general de la polarización en las ciencias sociales, con base en las teorías y variables que soportan su uso académico. A partir de la metodología PRISMA, se realizó una revisión de revisiones en la que
se analizaron 56 publicaciones de diferentes disciplinas y bases de datos. Las publicaciones fueron evaluadas en su calidad metodológica a partir de los instrumentos AMSTAR2 y SANRA, analizadas mediante un Análisis Estadístico de Datos Textuales. Con base en dichos análisis, se delimitaron definiciones de tres clases y 19 subclases de polarización, se determinó la calidad de las revisiones y se precisaron las variables y teorías asociadas al fenómeno. La mayoría de las revisiones son narrativas, lo cual evidencia poca sistematicidad metodológica. De igual manera, la mayoría de las revisiones pertenecen a la polarización política y solo se encontraron cinco variables en relación inversa a la polarización, lo que evidencia lo poco que se ha estudiado la despolarización.
|
| description_eng |
The word polarization has gained notoriety both in journalistic headlines and academic publications to explain the social and political conflicts of recent years. Despite its relevance, this concept is used indiscriminately, so its meaning is not always clear. Consequently, this research aims to provide an overview of polarization in the social sciences, in terms of characteristics of polarization, theories, and associated variables that support its academic use. A review of reviews was carried out using the PRISMA methodology. 56 publications from different disciplines and databases were analyzed. The methodological quality of the publications was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 and SANRA instruments. The publications were analyzed by statistical analysis of textual data. Based on these analyses, definitions of three classes and 19 subclasses of polarization were defined. The quality of the reviews was determined, and the variables and theories associated with the phenomenon were specified. Most of the reviews are narratives, which show little methodological systematicity. Similarly, most of the reviews relate to political polarization, and only five variables were found to be inversely related to polarization, which shows how little depolarization has been studied.
|
| author |
Garzón-Velandia, Diana Camila Barreto Galeano, María Idaly Sabucedo -Cameselle, José Manuel |
| author_facet |
Garzón-Velandia, Diana Camila Barreto Galeano, María Idaly Sabucedo -Cameselle, José Manuel |
| topicspa_str_mv |
polarización grupal polarización política polarización social PRISMA |
| topic |
polarización grupal polarización política polarización social PRISMA group polarization political polarization social polarization PRISMA |
| topic_facet |
polarización grupal polarización política polarización social PRISMA group polarization political polarization social polarization PRISMA |
| citationvolume |
27 |
| citationissue |
2 |
| citationedition |
Núm. 2 , Año 2024 :Acta Colombiana de Psicología |
| publisher |
Universidad Católica de Colombia |
| ispartofjournal |
Acta Colombiana de Psicología |
| source |
https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/5927 |
| language |
eng |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Acta Colombiana de Psicología - 2024 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references_eng |
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