Titulo:

Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
.

Sumario:

Diversos estudios destacan la elevada prevalencia de problemas internalizados y externalizados (PIyE) en la niñez, así como sus repercusiones en la competencia académica (CA). En México existe poca evidencia empírica al respecto, por lo que resulta relevante analizar esta relación para contar con indicadores que guíen el diseño de intervenciones. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar los puntajes obtenidos en indicadores de CA en tres grupos de niños con niveles diferenciados de PIyE. Se trabajó con 314 niños con edades entre 8 y 12 años de primarias públicas, 51% niñas y 49% niños. Se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos: Cuestionario de Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados (CPIEN), Ficha Socio-demográfica para Niños, Escala de Inteligencia C... Ver más

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18

2015-07-01

65

74

Edith Romero Godínez - 2015

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spelling Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
Internalizing and externalizing problems and academic competence of school children.
Diversos estudios destacan la elevada prevalencia de problemas internalizados y externalizados (PIyE) en la niñez, así como sus repercusiones en la competencia académica (CA). En México existe poca evidencia empírica al respecto, por lo que resulta relevante analizar esta relación para contar con indicadores que guíen el diseño de intervenciones. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar los puntajes obtenidos en indicadores de CA en tres grupos de niños con niveles diferenciados de PIyE. Se trabajó con 314 niños con edades entre 8 y 12 años de primarias públicas, 51% niñas y 49% niños. Se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos: Cuestionario de Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados (CPIEN), Ficha Socio-demográfica para Niños, Escala de Inteligencia Coloreada Raven, y Pruebas Académicas. Se realizó un estudio transversal de comparación de grupos. Las pruebas se aplicaron de manera grupal en los salones de clases. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS v.20. Se conformaron tres grupos en función de los niveles de PIyE, y se compararon las puntuaciones que cada grupo obtuvo en los indicadores de CA por medio del MANOVA. Los datos mostraron efectos significativos en escritura en los grupos de problemas internalizados (PI), y en lectura en los grupos de problemas externalizados (PE). Se discuten los resultados de la influencia de los PIyE sobre la CA.
Several studies emphasize the high prevalence of internalizing and externalizing problems (I&EP) in childhood and the impact they have on academic competence (AC). In Mexico, there is little empirical evidence about this topic, so it is important to test the relationship between I&EP and AC in school children, in order to have indicators that may guide the design of interventions. The aim of this study was to analyze the scores obtained on AC indicators in three groups of children with differentials levels of I&EP. The sample was composed by 314 children from public schools, aged between 8 and 12 years, 51% girls and 49% boys. The Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Questionnaire (IEPQ), a Checklist of Demographic Data, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test, and Academic Competence Tests were administered. A crosssectional study of comparison groups was carried out. The tests were administered in a group manner in the classrooms. The SPSS v.20 was used for data analysis. Three clusters of I&EP were formed and the scores obtained by each cluster on AC indicators were analyzed and compared through MANOVA. Data showed significant effects on writing in the groups of internalizing problems (IP) and on reading in the groups of externalizing problems (EP). Results about the influence of I&EP on AC are discussed.
Romero Godínez, Edith
Gómez Maqueo, María Emilia Lucio
Forns Santacana, María
Internalizing and externalizing problems
Academic competence
School stage.
Problemas internalizados y externalizados
Competencia académica
Etapa escolar.
Problemas internalizados e externalizados
Competência acadêmica
Etapa escolar
18
2
Artículo de revista
Journal article
2015-07-01T00:00:00Z
2015-07-01T00:00:00Z
2015-07-01
application/pdf
Universidad Católica de Colombia
Acta Colombiana de Psicología
0123-9155
1909-9711
https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/115
10.14718/ACP.2015.18.2.6
https://doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2015.18.2.6
spa
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Edith Romero Godínez - 2015
65
74
Achenbach, T. M. (1966). The Classification of Children’s Psychiatric Symptoms: A Factor-analytic Study. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(7), 1-37. doi: 10.1037/h0093906.
Achenbach, T. M. & Edelbrock, C. S. (1993). Diagnóstico, taxonomía y evaluación. En T. H. Ollendick y M. Hersen (Eds.), Psicopatología infantil (pp. 75-94). Barcelona: Martínez Roca.
Achenbach, T. M. & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont.
Achenbach, T. M. & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont.
Ansary, N. S. & Luthar, S. (2009). Distress and Academic Achievement among Adolescents of Affluence: A Study of Externalizing and Internalizing Problem Behaviors and School Performance. Development and Psychopathology, 21(1), 319-341. doi: 10.1017/S0954579409000182.
Bornstein, H. M., Hahn, C. & Haynes, O. M. (2010). Social Competence, Externalizing, and Internalizing Behavioral Adjustment from Early Childhood through Early Adolescence: Developmental Cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(4), 717-735. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000416.
Burt, K. B. & Roisman, G. I. (2010). Competence and Psychopathology: Cascade Effects in the NICHD Study Early Child Care and Youth Development. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 557-567. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000271.
Caraveo, A. J. (2007). Cuestionario breve de tamizaje y diagnóstico de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes: algoritmos para síndromes y su prevalencia en la ciudad de México. Revista Salud Mental, 30(1), 48-55.
Chen, X., Liu, M., Rubin, K. H., Li, D., Li, Z., Cen, G. & Li, B. (2003). Parental Reports of Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors in Chinese Children: Relevancy to Social, Emotional and School Adjustment. The Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 3(2), 233-259.
Cicchetti, D. (2006). Development and Psychopathology. En D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology Vol.2: Theory and Method (2da. ed. pp. 1-23). New York: Wiley.
Cicchetti, D. & Toth, S. L. (1991). Internalizing and Externalizing Expressions of Dysfunctions: Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology. Hillsdale, N J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Coie, J. D., Belding, M. & Underwood, M. (1998). Aggression and Peer Rejection in Childhood. En B. B. Lahey, A. E. Kazdin (Eds). Advances in Clinical Child Psychology (pp. 125–158). New York: Plenum.
Epstein, M. H. (2004). Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2: A Strength-based Approach to Assessment. Texas: PROED.
Esquivel, A. F., Heredia, A. C. y Lucio, G. E. (2007). Psicodiagnóstico clínico del niño. México: Manual Moderno.
Farrington, D. P. & Welsh, B. C. (2007). Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J. & Boden, J. M. (2006). Structure of Internalizing Symptoms in Early Adulthood. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(6), 540-546. doi: 10.1192/bjp. bp.106.022384.
Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 581-586. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.
Klein, J. M., Gonçalves, A. & Silva, C. F. (2009). The Rutter Children Behaviour Questionnaire for Teachers: From Psychometrics to Norms, Estimating Caseness. Psico-USF, 14(2), 157-165. Doi: 10.1590/S1413-82712009000200004.
Lucio, E. (2014). Psicopatología infantil. En E. Lucio y M. C. Heredia (Eds.), Psicopatología: riesgo y tratamiento de los problemas infantiles (pp. 1-25). México: Manual Moderno.
Lucio, E. y Durán, C. (2010). Ficha Socio-demográfica para Niños. Manuscrito inédito.
Masten, A. S., Burt, K. & Coatsworth, J. D. (2006). Competence and Psychopathology. En D. Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, Disorder and Psychopathology (2nd ed. pp. 696-738). New York: Wiley.
Masten, A. S., Roisman, G. I., Long, J. D., Burt, K. B., Obradović, J., Roberts, J. M., Boelcke, K. & Tellegen, A. (2005). Developmental Cascades: Linking Academic Achievement, Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms over 20 Years. Developmental Psychology, 41(5), 733-746. doi: 10.1037/0012- 1649.41.5.733.
Moilanen, K. L, Shaw, D. S. & Maxwell, K. L. (2010). Developmental Cascades: Externalizing, Internalizing, and Academic Competence from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 635-653. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000337.
Murray, J., Irving, B., Farrington, D. P., Colman, I. & Bloxsom, C. A. (2010). Very Early Predictors of Conduct Problems and Crime: Results from a National Cohort Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(11), 1198-1207. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610. 2010.02287.x.
OMS (2005). Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policies and Plans. Recuperado de: http://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/services/essentialpackage1v11/en/ .
Raven, J.C. (1999). Test de Matrices Progresivas. Buenos Aires: Paidós. Reep, A. C., y Horner, R. H. (2000). Análisis funcional de problemas de la conducta. Madrid: Paraninfo-Thompson Learning.
Reynolds, C. R. & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). Behavior Assessment System for Children (2nd ed.). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance System Publishing.
Rhule, D. M. (2005). Take Care to Do No Harm: Harmful Interventions for Youth Problem Behavior. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(6), 618-625. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.36.6.618.
Rolf, J., Masten, A. S., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K. H. & Weintraub, S. (1990). Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Romero, E. y Lucio, E. (2015). Cuestionario de Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados para Niños (CPIEN). Manuscrito en preparación. Rutter, M. (1967). The Rutter Behaviour Scales. Recuperado de: http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/text.asp?section=0001000100050017 .
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J. & Maughan, B. (2006). Continuities and Discontinuities in Psychopathology between Childhood and Adult Life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3-4), 276–295. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01614.x.
Toth, S. & Cicchetti, D. (2010). The Historical Origins and Developmental Pathways of the Discipline of Developmental Psychopathology. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 47(2), 5-14. Recuperado de: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20733251 .
Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H.L., McDougall, P. & Duku, E. (2013). Longitudinal Links between Childhood Peer Victimization, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems, and Academic Functioning: Developmental Cascades. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(8),1203-1215. doi: 10.1007/s10802- 013-9781-5.
van Lier, P. A., Vitaro, F., Barker, E. D., Brendgen, M., Tremblay, R. E. & Boivin, M. (2012). Peer Victimization, Poor Academic Achievement, and the Link between Childhood Externalizing and Internalizing Problems. Child development, 83(5), 1775- 1788. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01802.x.
van Lier, P. A. & Koot, H. M. (2010). Developmental Cascades of Peer Relations and Symptoms of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems from Kindergarten to Fourth-Grade Elementary School. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 569-582. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000283.
Waters, E. & Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Social Competence as a Developmental Construct. Developmental Review, 3(1), 79-97. doi: 10.1016/0273-2297(83)90010-2.
Wegener, D. T. & Fabrigar, L. R. (2000). Analysis and Design for Nonexperimental Data: Addressing Causal and Noncausal Hypotheses. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology (pp. 412-450). New York: Cambridge University Press.
https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/download/115/157
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Text
Publication
institution UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE COLOMBIA
thumbnail https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/UNIVERSIDADCATOLICADECOLOMBIA/logo.png
country_str Colombia
collection Acta Colombiana de Psicología
title Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
spellingShingle Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
Romero Godínez, Edith
Gómez Maqueo, María Emilia Lucio
Forns Santacana, María
Internalizing and externalizing problems
Academic competence
School stage.
Problemas internalizados y externalizados
Competencia académica
Etapa escolar.
Problemas internalizados e externalizados
Competência acadêmica
Etapa escolar
title_short Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
title_full Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
title_fullStr Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
title_full_unstemmed Los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
title_sort los problemas internalizados y externalizados en la competencia académica de escolares.
title_eng Internalizing and externalizing problems and academic competence of school children.
description Diversos estudios destacan la elevada prevalencia de problemas internalizados y externalizados (PIyE) en la niñez, así como sus repercusiones en la competencia académica (CA). En México existe poca evidencia empírica al respecto, por lo que resulta relevante analizar esta relación para contar con indicadores que guíen el diseño de intervenciones. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar los puntajes obtenidos en indicadores de CA en tres grupos de niños con niveles diferenciados de PIyE. Se trabajó con 314 niños con edades entre 8 y 12 años de primarias públicas, 51% niñas y 49% niños. Se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos: Cuestionario de Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados (CPIEN), Ficha Socio-demográfica para Niños, Escala de Inteligencia Coloreada Raven, y Pruebas Académicas. Se realizó un estudio transversal de comparación de grupos. Las pruebas se aplicaron de manera grupal en los salones de clases. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS v.20. Se conformaron tres grupos en función de los niveles de PIyE, y se compararon las puntuaciones que cada grupo obtuvo en los indicadores de CA por medio del MANOVA. Los datos mostraron efectos significativos en escritura en los grupos de problemas internalizados (PI), y en lectura en los grupos de problemas externalizados (PE). Se discuten los resultados de la influencia de los PIyE sobre la CA.
description_eng Several studies emphasize the high prevalence of internalizing and externalizing problems (I&EP) in childhood and the impact they have on academic competence (AC). In Mexico, there is little empirical evidence about this topic, so it is important to test the relationship between I&EP and AC in school children, in order to have indicators that may guide the design of interventions. The aim of this study was to analyze the scores obtained on AC indicators in three groups of children with differentials levels of I&EP. The sample was composed by 314 children from public schools, aged between 8 and 12 years, 51% girls and 49% boys. The Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Questionnaire (IEPQ), a Checklist of Demographic Data, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test, and Academic Competence Tests were administered. A crosssectional study of comparison groups was carried out. The tests were administered in a group manner in the classrooms. The SPSS v.20 was used for data analysis. Three clusters of I&EP were formed and the scores obtained by each cluster on AC indicators were analyzed and compared through MANOVA. Data showed significant effects on writing in the groups of internalizing problems (IP) and on reading in the groups of externalizing problems (EP). Results about the influence of I&EP on AC are discussed.
author Romero Godínez, Edith
Gómez Maqueo, María Emilia Lucio
Forns Santacana, María
author_facet Romero Godínez, Edith
Gómez Maqueo, María Emilia Lucio
Forns Santacana, María
topic Internalizing and externalizing problems
Academic competence
School stage.
Problemas internalizados y externalizados
Competencia académica
Etapa escolar.
Problemas internalizados e externalizados
Competência acadêmica
Etapa escolar
topic_facet Internalizing and externalizing problems
Academic competence
School stage.
Problemas internalizados y externalizados
Competencia académica
Etapa escolar.
Problemas internalizados e externalizados
Competência acadêmica
Etapa escolar
topicspa_str_mv Problemas internalizados y externalizados
Competencia académica
Etapa escolar.
Problemas internalizados e externalizados
Competência acadêmica
Etapa escolar
citationvolume 18
citationissue 2
publisher Universidad Católica de Colombia
ispartofjournal Acta Colombiana de Psicología
source https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/115
language spa
format Article
rights https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Edith Romero Godínez - 2015
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
references Achenbach, T. M. (1966). The Classification of Children’s Psychiatric Symptoms: A Factor-analytic Study. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(7), 1-37. doi: 10.1037/h0093906.
Achenbach, T. M. & Edelbrock, C. S. (1993). Diagnóstico, taxonomía y evaluación. En T. H. Ollendick y M. Hersen (Eds.), Psicopatología infantil (pp. 75-94). Barcelona: Martínez Roca.
Achenbach, T. M. & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont.
Achenbach, T. M. & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont.
Ansary, N. S. & Luthar, S. (2009). Distress and Academic Achievement among Adolescents of Affluence: A Study of Externalizing and Internalizing Problem Behaviors and School Performance. Development and Psychopathology, 21(1), 319-341. doi: 10.1017/S0954579409000182.
Bornstein, H. M., Hahn, C. & Haynes, O. M. (2010). Social Competence, Externalizing, and Internalizing Behavioral Adjustment from Early Childhood through Early Adolescence: Developmental Cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(4), 717-735. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000416.
Burt, K. B. & Roisman, G. I. (2010). Competence and Psychopathology: Cascade Effects in the NICHD Study Early Child Care and Youth Development. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 557-567. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000271.
Caraveo, A. J. (2007). Cuestionario breve de tamizaje y diagnóstico de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes: algoritmos para síndromes y su prevalencia en la ciudad de México. Revista Salud Mental, 30(1), 48-55.
Chen, X., Liu, M., Rubin, K. H., Li, D., Li, Z., Cen, G. & Li, B. (2003). Parental Reports of Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors in Chinese Children: Relevancy to Social, Emotional and School Adjustment. The Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 3(2), 233-259.
Cicchetti, D. (2006). Development and Psychopathology. En D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology Vol.2: Theory and Method (2da. ed. pp. 1-23). New York: Wiley.
Cicchetti, D. & Toth, S. L. (1991). Internalizing and Externalizing Expressions of Dysfunctions: Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology. Hillsdale, N J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Coie, J. D., Belding, M. & Underwood, M. (1998). Aggression and Peer Rejection in Childhood. En B. B. Lahey, A. E. Kazdin (Eds). Advances in Clinical Child Psychology (pp. 125–158). New York: Plenum.
Epstein, M. H. (2004). Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2: A Strength-based Approach to Assessment. Texas: PROED.
Esquivel, A. F., Heredia, A. C. y Lucio, G. E. (2007). Psicodiagnóstico clínico del niño. México: Manual Moderno.
Farrington, D. P. & Welsh, B. C. (2007). Saving Children from a Life of Crime: Early Risk Factors and Effective Interventions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J. & Boden, J. M. (2006). Structure of Internalizing Symptoms in Early Adulthood. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 189(6), 540-546. doi: 10.1192/bjp. bp.106.022384.
Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 581-586. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.
Klein, J. M., Gonçalves, A. & Silva, C. F. (2009). The Rutter Children Behaviour Questionnaire for Teachers: From Psychometrics to Norms, Estimating Caseness. Psico-USF, 14(2), 157-165. Doi: 10.1590/S1413-82712009000200004.
Lucio, E. (2014). Psicopatología infantil. En E. Lucio y M. C. Heredia (Eds.), Psicopatología: riesgo y tratamiento de los problemas infantiles (pp. 1-25). México: Manual Moderno.
Lucio, E. y Durán, C. (2010). Ficha Socio-demográfica para Niños. Manuscrito inédito.
Masten, A. S., Burt, K. & Coatsworth, J. D. (2006). Competence and Psychopathology. En D. Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology, Vol 3: Risk, Disorder and Psychopathology (2nd ed. pp. 696-738). New York: Wiley.
Masten, A. S., Roisman, G. I., Long, J. D., Burt, K. B., Obradović, J., Roberts, J. M., Boelcke, K. & Tellegen, A. (2005). Developmental Cascades: Linking Academic Achievement, Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms over 20 Years. Developmental Psychology, 41(5), 733-746. doi: 10.1037/0012- 1649.41.5.733.
Moilanen, K. L, Shaw, D. S. & Maxwell, K. L. (2010). Developmental Cascades: Externalizing, Internalizing, and Academic Competence from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 635-653. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000337.
Murray, J., Irving, B., Farrington, D. P., Colman, I. & Bloxsom, C. A. (2010). Very Early Predictors of Conduct Problems and Crime: Results from a National Cohort Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(11), 1198-1207. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610. 2010.02287.x.
OMS (2005). Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policies and Plans. Recuperado de: http://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/services/essentialpackage1v11/en/ .
Raven, J.C. (1999). Test de Matrices Progresivas. Buenos Aires: Paidós. Reep, A. C., y Horner, R. H. (2000). Análisis funcional de problemas de la conducta. Madrid: Paraninfo-Thompson Learning.
Reynolds, C. R. & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). Behavior Assessment System for Children (2nd ed.). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance System Publishing.
Rhule, D. M. (2005). Take Care to Do No Harm: Harmful Interventions for Youth Problem Behavior. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(6), 618-625. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.36.6.618.
Rolf, J., Masten, A. S., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K. H. & Weintraub, S. (1990). Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Romero, E. y Lucio, E. (2015). Cuestionario de Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados para Niños (CPIEN). Manuscrito en preparación. Rutter, M. (1967). The Rutter Behaviour Scales. Recuperado de: http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/text.asp?section=0001000100050017 .
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J. & Maughan, B. (2006). Continuities and Discontinuities in Psychopathology between Childhood and Adult Life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3-4), 276–295. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01614.x.
Toth, S. & Cicchetti, D. (2010). The Historical Origins and Developmental Pathways of the Discipline of Developmental Psychopathology. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 47(2), 5-14. Recuperado de: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20733251 .
Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H.L., McDougall, P. & Duku, E. (2013). Longitudinal Links between Childhood Peer Victimization, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems, and Academic Functioning: Developmental Cascades. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(8),1203-1215. doi: 10.1007/s10802- 013-9781-5.
van Lier, P. A., Vitaro, F., Barker, E. D., Brendgen, M., Tremblay, R. E. & Boivin, M. (2012). Peer Victimization, Poor Academic Achievement, and the Link between Childhood Externalizing and Internalizing Problems. Child development, 83(5), 1775- 1788. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01802.x.
van Lier, P. A. & Koot, H. M. (2010). Developmental Cascades of Peer Relations and Symptoms of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems from Kindergarten to Fourth-Grade Elementary School. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 569-582. doi: 10.1017/S0954579410000283.
Waters, E. & Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Social Competence as a Developmental Construct. Developmental Review, 3(1), 79-97. doi: 10.1016/0273-2297(83)90010-2.
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publishDate 2015-07-01
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