El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial
.
En el apasionante mundo de los negocios, el cierre de acuerdos con los clientes supone la punta de lanza hacia la consecución del objetivo empresarial; en especial, en este entorno económico global tan complejo y cambiante en el que acontecimientos como la irrupción de la COVID-19 han acelerado la configuración de un nuevo escenario comercial basado en el contacto digital o a distancia. Objetivo. Examinar los efectos de la venta personal promovida por el vendedor a través de la venta ética y su impacto en las variables relacionales del cliente como son la confianza, lealtad y satisfacción. Metodología. Para dar respuesta a las hipótesis planteadas se empleó un cuestionario estructurado sobre una muestra de 341 pymes industriales españolas.... Ver más
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El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial Huang, J. y Zhang, D. (2008). Valor del cliente y lealtad a la marca: prueba empírica multidimensional. En Seminario Internacional sobre Tecnologías de la Información del Futuro e Ingeniería de Gestión, Instituto de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos, Leicestershire, Reino Unido. Marcet, X. (2021). El barrio de las excusas. La Vanguardia. Recuperado de https://www.lavanguardia. com/economia/20211003/7761860/excusasresultados-empresas-equipos.html. Manning, B. and Reece, L. (2006). Selling Today: Creating Costumer Value. New York, USA: Pearson. Lee, D. et al. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of mobile phone usability: Linking simplicity and interactivity to satisfaction trust, and brand loyalty. Information & Management, 52(3), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.12.001 Le, T.T. (2022). How humane entrepreneurship fosters sustainable supply chain management for a circular economy moving towards sustainable corporate performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 368, 133178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133178 Lagace, R.R., Dahlstrom, R. and Gassenheimer, J.B. (1991). The relevance of ethical salesperson behavior on relationship quality: the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 11(4), 39-47. Laczniak, G.R. and Murphy, P.E. (2006). Normative perspectives for ethical and socially responsible marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), 154- 177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146706290924 Kotler, P. y Keller, K. (2016). Dirección de marketing. Ciudad de México, México: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. y Armstrong, G. (2017). Fundamentos de marketing. Ciudad de México, México: Pearson. Iwasaki, Y. and Havitz, M.E. (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950010 Iglesias, V. et al. A.B. (2002). Calidad y satisfacción en mercados industriales: influencia de las relaciones entre proveedor y comprador. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 11(2), 23-48. Hofer, D., Cunha, L.R. e Magalhaes, J.M. (2015). Mensuração, teste e validação da confiança na marca. Revista Capital Científico-Eletrônica (RCCҽ), 13(2), 9-23. Martín, P.J., Sánchez, C. y de la Flor, S. (2018). Influencia del comportamiento ético del jefe de ventas en la actuación del vendedor. Gestión, Revista de Economía, 67, 13-24. Henning, T. (2004). Motive des lesens von kunden artikulationen im internet: theoretische und empirische analyse. En Wiedmann, K.-P. et al. (Eds.), Konsumentenverhalten im Internet (pp. 171-193). New York, USA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90689-2_7 Hague, P. and Hague, N. (2018). B2B customer experience: a practical guide to delivering exceptional CX. New York, USA: Kogan Page. Gil, I. et al. (2008). Logistics service quality: a new way to loyalty. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 108(5), 650-668. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570810876778 Ganesh, J., Arnold, M.J. and Reynolds, K.E. (2000). Understanding the customer base of service providers: an examination of the differences between switchers and stayers. Journal of Marketing, 64(3), 65-87. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.64.3.65.18028 Ganesan, S. (1994). Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 58(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800201 Futrell, C. (2021). Fundamentals of selling: Customers for life through service. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill. Fullerton, G. (2005). How commitment both enables and undermines marketing relationships. European Journal of Marketing, 39(11-12), 1372-1388. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560510623307 Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343-373. https://doi.org/10.1086/209515 Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104 Ferrell, O.C. and Gresham, L.G. (1985). A contingency framework for understanding ethical decision making in marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49(3), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900308 Fei, S., Kwon, C. and Jin, C. (2021). The Role of Corporate Ethical Management on Trade Relationship Trust and Commitment: B2B. Sustainability, 13(9), 5290. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095290 Martín, P.J., Román, S. y Fernández, E. (2011). Influencia de los comportamientos relacionales del vendedor individual sobre la satisfacción, confianza y lealtad del comprador en un contexto de pymes industriales. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 17(3), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1135-2523(12)60122-1 Martín, P.J. (2017). El nuevo paradigma de la venta ética. MarketingNews, 17, 2-4. Donthu, N. and Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 284-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 Rust, R.T. and Zahorik, A.J. (1993). Customer satisfaction, customer retention, and market share. Journal of Retailing, 69(2), 193-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4359(93)90003-2 Text http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Valentine, S. and Barnett, T. (2002). Ethics codes and sales professionals' perceptions of their organizations' ethical values. Journal of Business Ethics , 40(3), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020574217618 Sung, Y. and Kim, J. (2008). Effects of brand personality on brand trust and brand affect. Psychology & Marketing , 27(7), 639-661. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20349 Sirdeshmukh, D., Singh, J. and Sabol, B. (2002). Consumer trust, value, and loyalty in relational exchanges. Journal of Marketing , 66(1), 15-37. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.1.15.18449 Seidman, D. (2013). How. Por qué cómo hacemos las cosas significa tanto. Madrid, España: Aguilar. Ruiz, S. (2021). Liderazgo sostenible: hacia un modelo de empresa y gobernanza. Harvard Deusto. Business Review, 314, 16-25. Morgan, R.M. and Hunt, S.D. (1994). The commitmenttrust theory of relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302 Román, S. y Küster, I. (2014). Gestión de la venta personal y de equipos comerciales. Madrid, España: Ediciones Paraninfo S.A. Román, S. and Iacobucci, D. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of adaptive selling confidence and behavior: a dyadic analysis of salespeople and their customers. Journal of the Academy Marketing Science, 38(3), 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-009-0166-9 Román, S. and Ruiz, S. (2005). Relationship outcomes of perceived ethical sales behavior: the customer's perspectives. Journal Business Research, 58(4), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.07.002 Román, S. and Munuera, J.L. (2005). Determinants and consequences of ethical behaviour: an empirical study on salespeople. European Journal of Marketing, 39(5/6), 473-495. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560510590674 Román, S. (2003). The impact of ethical sales behaviour on customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty to the company: an empirical study in the financial services industry. Journal of Marketing Management, 19(9-10), 915-939. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2003.9728245 Ribbink, D. et al. (2004). Comfort your online customer: Quality, trust and loyalty on the Internet. Managing Service Quality, 14(6), 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520410569784 Revilla, M.A. y Gallego, M.Á. (2007). La importancia de la ética en la venta desde el punto de vista del consumidor. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 13(1), 209-230. Ravald, A. and Grönroos, C. (1996). The value concept and relationship marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 30(2), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569610106626 Palmatier, R.W. et al. (2006). Factors influencing the effectiveness of relationship marketing: a metaanalysis. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 136-153. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.4.136 Oliver, R.L. (2015). Satisfaction. A behavioural perspective on the consumer. London, England: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315700892 Oliver, R.L. (1993). Cognitive, affective, and attribute bases of the satisfaction response. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1086/209358 Engelbrecht, A.S., Heine, G. and Mahembe, B. (2017). Integrity, ethical leadership, trust and work engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2015-0237 Elkington, J. (1994). Towards the sustainable corporation: Win-win-win business strategies for sustainable development. California Management Review, 36(2), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165746 Delgado, E. and Munuera, J.L. (2005). Does brand trust matter to brand equity? Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(3), 87-196. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420510601058 Marketing Sabaneta: Fundación Universitaria Ceipa, 2014- text/xml text/html Artículo de revista Núm. 2 , Año 2023 : Julio-Diciembre 2 10 Pequenas empresas Ética https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/view/846 Negócios Pequeña empresa Marketing Ética Empresa Martín Castejón, Pedro Juan Gómez Martínez, Alberto En el apasionante mundo de los negocios, el cierre de acuerdos con los clientes supone la punta de lanza hacia la consecución del objetivo empresarial; en especial, en este entorno económico global tan complejo y cambiante en el que acontecimientos como la irrupción de la COVID-19 han acelerado la configuración de un nuevo escenario comercial basado en el contacto digital o a distancia. Objetivo. Examinar los efectos de la venta personal promovida por el vendedor a través de la venta ética y su impacto en las variables relacionales del cliente como son la confianza, lealtad y satisfacción. Metodología. Para dar respuesta a las hipótesis planteadas se empleó un cuestionario estructurado sobre una muestra de 341 pymes industriales españolas. Resultados. Mediante la aplicación de ecuaciones estructurales se ha podido confirmar la influencia significativa de la venta ética en las variables satisfacción, confianza y lealtad. Estos resultados pretenden ser útiles para la práctica empresarial, ya que evidencian la relevancia de la figura del vendedor industrial en su contribución hacia el éxito de las relaciones comerciales en este nuevo contexto de relaciones comerciales. Conclusiones. La figura del vendedor y su comportamiento seguirán siendo claves en la contribución hacia el desempeño empresarial como su necesaria adaptación al entorno de trabajo. Revista Perspectiva Empresarial application/pdf Publication Agnihotri, R. et al. (2016). Social media: Influencing customer satisfaction in B2B sales. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.09.003 Delgado, E., Munuera, J.L. and Yagüe, M.J. (2003). Development and validation of a brand trust scale. International Journal of Market Research, 45(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/147078530304500103 Delgado, E. y Munuera, J.L. (2001). Confianza en la marca en el contexto de la lealtad del consumidor. Revista Europea de Marketing, 3(11/12), 1238- 1258. da Silva, D. (2020). La importancia de la ética empresarial en el servicio al cliente: los valores de su empresa a favor del consumidor. Zendesk. Recuperado de https://www.zendesk.com.mx/ blog/etica-servicio-al-cliente/. Corsaro, D., Maggioni, I. and Olivieri, M. (2021). Sales and marketing automation in the post-Covid-19 scenario: Value drivers in B2B relationships. Italian Journal of Marketing, 2021(4), 371-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43039-021-00024-x Chiesa, L., Salazar, R. y Marín, T. (2021). El vendedor híbrido: cómo mejorar la gestión comercial en la "nueva normalidad". Harvard Deusto. Business Review, 308, 34-39. Chaudhuri, A. and Holbrook, B.M. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affects to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.2.81.18255 Castelló, J. (2021). Vendedores responsables: un valioso activo para las empresas. Harvard Deusto. Business Review, 312, 20-30. Brady, M.K. and Cronin, J.J. (2001). Customer orientation: Effects on customer service perceptions and outcome behaviors. Journal of Service Research, 3(3), 241-251. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050133005 Bagozzi, R.P. and Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327 Alexander, N. and Colgate, M. (2000). Retail financial services: Transaction to relationship marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 34(8), 938-953. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010331432 Beatty, S.E. et al. (1996). Customer-Sales associate retail relationships. Journal of Retailing, 72(3), 223-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(96)90028-7 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. Español Revista Perspectiva Empresarial - 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Small business Marketing Journal article Closing deals with customers is crucial to achieving business objectives in the exciting world of business, particularly in the current complex and dynamic global economic environment in which events like the COVID-19 emergence have accelerated the configuration of a new business scenario centered around digital or remote contact. Objective. To examine the effects of ethical selling by salespeople on customer relational variables such as trust, loyalty, and satisfaction. Methodology. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 341 Spanish industrial SMEs to test the proposed hypotheses. Results. By applying structural equations, the significant influence of ethical selling on the variables of satisfaction, trust and loyalty has been confirmed. These results are intended to provide practical implications for business, as they demonstrate the relevance of the industrial salesperson in facilitating successful commercial relations in this new business environment. Conclusions. The figure of the salesperson and their behavior will be vital in their contribution to business performance, as well as their necessary adaptation to the work environment. The influence of the ethical salesperson on the relational variables of the industrial customer Business Ethics 2389-8186 https://doi.org/10.16967/23898186.846 37 https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/download/846/1191 https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/download/846/1168 https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/download/846/1166 51 2024-06-25 2024-06-25T13:46:44Z 2389-8194 2024-06-25T13:46:44Z 10.16967/23898186.846 |
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CEIPA BUSINESS SCHOOL |
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https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/CEIPABUSINESSSCHOOL/logo.png |
country_str |
Colombia |
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Revista Perspectiva Empresarial |
title |
El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial |
spellingShingle |
El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial Martín Castejón, Pedro Juan Gómez Martínez, Alberto Marketing Pequenas empresas Ética Negócios Pequeña empresa Marketing Ética Empresa Small business Marketing Business Ethics |
title_short |
El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial |
title_full |
El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial |
title_fullStr |
El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial |
title_full_unstemmed |
El vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial |
title_sort |
el vendedor ético y su influencia en las variables relacionales del cliente industrial |
title_eng |
The influence of the ethical salesperson on the relational variables of the industrial customer |
description |
En el apasionante mundo de los negocios, el cierre de acuerdos con los clientes supone la punta de lanza hacia la consecución del objetivo empresarial; en especial, en este entorno económico global tan complejo y cambiante en el que acontecimientos como la irrupción de la COVID-19 han acelerado la configuración de un nuevo escenario comercial basado en el contacto digital o a distancia. Objetivo. Examinar los efectos de la venta personal promovida por el vendedor a través de la venta ética y su impacto en las variables relacionales del cliente como son la confianza, lealtad y satisfacción. Metodología. Para dar respuesta a las hipótesis planteadas se empleó un cuestionario estructurado sobre una muestra de 341 pymes industriales españolas. Resultados. Mediante la aplicación de ecuaciones estructurales se ha podido confirmar la influencia significativa de la venta ética en las variables satisfacción, confianza y lealtad. Estos resultados pretenden ser útiles para la práctica empresarial, ya que evidencian la relevancia de la figura del vendedor industrial en su contribución hacia el éxito de las relaciones comerciales en este nuevo contexto de relaciones comerciales. Conclusiones. La figura del vendedor y su comportamiento seguirán siendo claves en la contribución hacia el desempeño empresarial como su necesaria adaptación al entorno de trabajo.
|
description_eng |
Closing deals with customers is crucial to achieving business objectives in the exciting world of business, particularly in the current complex and dynamic global economic environment in which events like the COVID-19 emergence have accelerated the configuration of a new business scenario centered around digital or remote contact. Objective. To examine the effects of ethical selling by salespeople on customer relational variables such as trust, loyalty, and satisfaction. Methodology. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 341 Spanish industrial SMEs to test the proposed hypotheses. Results. By applying structural equations, the significant influence of ethical selling on the variables of satisfaction, trust and loyalty has been confirmed. These results are intended to provide practical implications for business, as they demonstrate the relevance of the industrial salesperson in facilitating successful commercial relations in this new business environment. Conclusions. The figure of the salesperson and their behavior will be vital in their contribution to business performance, as well as their necessary adaptation to the work environment.
|
author |
Martín Castejón, Pedro Juan Gómez Martínez, Alberto |
author_facet |
Martín Castejón, Pedro Juan Gómez Martínez, Alberto |
topicspa_str_mv |
Marketing Pequenas empresas Ética Negócios Pequeña empresa Marketing Ética Empresa |
topic |
Marketing Pequenas empresas Ética Negócios Pequeña empresa Marketing Ética Empresa Small business Marketing Business Ethics |
topic_facet |
Marketing Pequenas empresas Ética Negócios Pequeña empresa Marketing Ética Empresa Small business Marketing Business Ethics |
citationvolume |
10 |
citationissue |
2 |
citationedition |
Núm. 2 , Año 2023 : Julio-Diciembre |
publisher |
Sabaneta: Fundación Universitaria Ceipa, 2014- |
ispartofjournal |
Revista Perspectiva Empresarial |
source |
https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/view/846 |
language |
Español |
format |
Article |
rights |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. Revista Perspectiva Empresarial - 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
references |
Huang, J. y Zhang, D. (2008). Valor del cliente y lealtad a la marca: prueba empírica multidimensional. En Seminario Internacional sobre Tecnologías de la Información del Futuro e Ingeniería de Gestión, Instituto de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos, Leicestershire, Reino Unido. Marcet, X. (2021). El barrio de las excusas. La Vanguardia. Recuperado de https://www.lavanguardia. com/economia/20211003/7761860/excusasresultados-empresas-equipos.html. Manning, B. and Reece, L. (2006). Selling Today: Creating Costumer Value. New York, USA: Pearson. Lee, D. et al. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of mobile phone usability: Linking simplicity and interactivity to satisfaction trust, and brand loyalty. Information & Management, 52(3), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.12.001 Le, T.T. (2022). How humane entrepreneurship fosters sustainable supply chain management for a circular economy moving towards sustainable corporate performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 368, 133178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133178 Lagace, R.R., Dahlstrom, R. and Gassenheimer, J.B. (1991). The relevance of ethical salesperson behavior on relationship quality: the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 11(4), 39-47. Laczniak, G.R. and Murphy, P.E. (2006). Normative perspectives for ethical and socially responsible marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), 154- 177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146706290924 Kotler, P. y Keller, K. (2016). Dirección de marketing. Ciudad de México, México: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. y Armstrong, G. (2017). Fundamentos de marketing. Ciudad de México, México: Pearson. Iwasaki, Y. and Havitz, M.E. (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950010 Iglesias, V. et al. A.B. (2002). Calidad y satisfacción en mercados industriales: influencia de las relaciones entre proveedor y comprador. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 11(2), 23-48. Hofer, D., Cunha, L.R. e Magalhaes, J.M. (2015). Mensuração, teste e validação da confiança na marca. Revista Capital Científico-Eletrônica (RCCҽ), 13(2), 9-23. Martín, P.J., Sánchez, C. y de la Flor, S. (2018). Influencia del comportamiento ético del jefe de ventas en la actuación del vendedor. Gestión, Revista de Economía, 67, 13-24. Henning, T. (2004). Motive des lesens von kunden artikulationen im internet: theoretische und empirische analyse. En Wiedmann, K.-P. et al. (Eds.), Konsumentenverhalten im Internet (pp. 171-193). New York, USA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90689-2_7 Hague, P. and Hague, N. (2018). B2B customer experience: a practical guide to delivering exceptional CX. New York, USA: Kogan Page. Gil, I. et al. (2008). Logistics service quality: a new way to loyalty. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 108(5), 650-668. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570810876778 Ganesh, J., Arnold, M.J. and Reynolds, K.E. (2000). Understanding the customer base of service providers: an examination of the differences between switchers and stayers. Journal of Marketing, 64(3), 65-87. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.64.3.65.18028 Ganesan, S. (1994). Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 58(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800201 Futrell, C. (2021). Fundamentals of selling: Customers for life through service. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill. Fullerton, G. (2005). How commitment both enables and undermines marketing relationships. European Journal of Marketing, 39(11-12), 1372-1388. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560510623307 Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. 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Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 17(3), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1135-2523(12)60122-1 Martín, P.J. (2017). El nuevo paradigma de la venta ética. MarketingNews, 17, 2-4. Donthu, N. and Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 284-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 Rust, R.T. and Zahorik, A.J. (1993). Customer satisfaction, customer retention, and market share. Journal of Retailing, 69(2), 193-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4359(93)90003-2 Valentine, S. and Barnett, T. (2002). Ethics codes and sales professionals' perceptions of their organizations' ethical values. Journal of Business Ethics , 40(3), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020574217618 Sung, Y. and Kim, J. (2008). Effects of brand personality on brand trust and brand affect. Psychology & Marketing , 27(7), 639-661. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20349 Sirdeshmukh, D., Singh, J. and Sabol, B. (2002). 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