La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios
.
Asistimos a un creciente interés académico en el estudio de los eventos. Sin embargo esos estudios se centran principalmente en el análisis de eventos deportivos o culturales y en menor medida en eventos religiosos, a pesar de su potencial de estudio para la gestión y la investigación. Con el presente trabajo buscamos mejorar el conocimiento de los eventos y profundizar en las particularidades de la gestión de voluntarios,  stakeholder clave en megaeventos religiosos. Para ello utilizamos una doble metodología cualitativa: entrevistas en profundidad con gestores, combinadas con dinámicas de grupo con voluntarios; todos ellos stakeholders de la XXIV Jornada Mundial de la Juventud celebrada en Madrid. Los resultados obtenidos ilu... Ver más
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La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios Kasimati, E. (2003). Economics aspects and the summer Olympics: A review of related research. The International Journal of Tourism Research, 5 (6), 433-444. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.449 Revuelta, R. (2006). Turismo y eventos deportivos: los Juegos Olímpicos de invierno. Oppidum, 2, 399- 428. Podoshen, J.S. and Hunt, J.M. (2011). Equity restoration, the Holocaust and tourism of sacred sites. Tourism Management, 32 (6), 1332-1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.007 Park, H.Y. (2010). Heritage Tourism: Emotional Journeys into Nationhood. Annals of Tourism Research, 37 (1), 116-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.08.001 Muñiz, N., Cervantes, M. y Abad, J. (2003). Análisis de marketing de ciudades a partir de un sistema de indicadores urbanos. Aplicación a la caracterización de ciudades españolas. En XV Encuentro de Profesores Universitarios de Marketing, Córdoba, Argentina. Mota, R. y Vidal, F. (2003). Solidaridad y morfología de los voluntarios madrileños: informe de investigación. Madrid, España: Comunidad de Madrid. Monga, M. (2006). Measuring motivation to volunteer for special events. Event Management, 10 (1), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599506779364633 Maure, G. (2007). Definiciones y tendencias del turismo de eventos. Contribuciones a la Economía, 82. Recuperado de http://www.eumed.net/ce/2007b/gma.htm. Marris, T. (1987). The role and impact of mega-events and attractions on regional and national tourism development. Resolutions 37th congress of the AIEST, Calgary. Revue de Turisme, 42 (4), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb057975 Lo, A.S. and Lee, C.Y.S. (2011). Motivations and perceived value of volunteer tourists from Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 32 (2), 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.002 Lee, T.J., Riley, M. and Hampton, M.P. (2010). Conflict and Progress: Tourism Development in Korea. Annals of Tourism Research, 37 (2), 355-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.10.001 Lee, C. and Taylor, T. (2005). Critical reflections on the economic impact assessment of a mega-event: The case of 2002 FIFA World Cup. Tourism Management, 26, 595-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.03.002 Jago, L.K. and Shaw, R. (1999). Consumer perceptions of special events: A multi -stimulus validation. Journal of travel and Tourism Marketing, 8 (4), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v08n04_01 Rogge, J. (2004). Global viewing of Athens 2004 Olympic Games breaks records. En International Sports Television Convention, Monaco, France. Jafari, J. (2000). Enciclopedia del turismo. Madrid, España: Editorial Síntesis. Jackowski, A. and Smith, V. (1992). Polish pilgrim-tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 19 (1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90109-3 Hunter, W.C. (2011). Rukai indigenous tourism: Representations, cultural identity and Q method. Tourism Management, 32 (2), 335-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.003 Hojman, D.E. and Hiscock, J. (2010). Interpreting suboptimal business outcomes in light of the Coase Theorem: Lessons from Sidmouth International Festival. Tourism Management, 31 (2), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.003 Hankinson, P. (2001). Brand Orientation in the Charity Sector: A Framework for Discussion and Research. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 6 (3), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.149 Handy, F. et al. (2000). Public perception of "who is a volunteer": An examination of the net-cost approach from a cross-cultural perspective. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 11 (1), 45-65. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008903032393 Gummesson, E. (2005). Marketing de relacionamento total: gerenciamento de marketing, estratégia de relacionamento e abordagens de CRM para a economia de rede. Porto Alegre, Brasil: Bookman. Gummesson, E. (2000). Qualitative methods in management research. Thousand Oaks, USA: SAGE Publications. Graham, S., Goldblatt, J. and Delby, I. (1995). The ultimate guide to Sport Event Management and Marketing. Chicago, USA: Irwin. Goldblatt, J. (1997). Special events: Best practices in modern event management. New York, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Goeldner, R.C., Ritchie, J.R.B. and Mcintosh, W.R. (2000). Tourism. Principles, Practices, Philosophies. New York, USA: Wiley. Ritchie, J.R.B. (1984). Assessing the impact of hallmark events: Conceptual and research segues. Journal of Travel Research, 23 (1), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758402300101 Saleh, F. and Wood, C. (1998). Motives of volunteers in multicultural events: The case of Saskatoon Folkfest. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 5 (1-2), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.3727/106527098792186739 Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution and research. Progress in Tourism Management, 29 (3), 403-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017 Vidal, P. y Villa, A. (2007). Las personas en las organizaciones del Tercer Sector. Tercera Época, 40, 10-13. Text http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8 (3), 267-285. Wymer, W. (2003). Differentiating Literacy volunteers: A segmentation analysis of target marketing.International https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.217 Wilson, J. (2000). Volunteering. Annual Review of Sociology, 26 (1), 215-240. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.215 Watt, D. (1998). Event Management in Leisure and Tourism. Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Longman. Vecina, M.L. (2001). Factores psicosociales que influyen en la permanencia del voluntariado. Madrid, España:Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Sharpley, R. and Jepson, D. (2011). Rural tourism: A spiritual experience? Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (1), 52-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.05.002 Veal, A.J. (2006). Research methods for leisure and tourism :A practical guide. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. Van Der Wagen, L. (2006). Human resource management for events: Managing the event workforce. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann. UNWTO. (2014). Tourism can protect and promote religious heritage. Recuperado de http://media.unwto.org/press-release/2014-12-10/tourism-can-protect-and-promote-religious-heritage. Tum, J., Norton, P. and Wright, J.W. (2009). Events Management. New York, USA: Routledge. Tosum, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism Management, 27 (3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.004 Tosum, C. (1999). Towards a typology of community participation in the tourism development process. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 10 (2), 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.1999.9686975 Strigas, A. and Newton-Jackson, E. (2003). Motivating volunteers to serve and succeed: Design and results of a pilot study that explores demographics and motivational factors in sport volunteerism. International Sports Journal, 7 (1), 111-123. Spencer, D.M. (2010). Case Study. Facilitating public participation in tourism planning on American Indian reservations: A case study involving the Nominal Group Technique. Tourism Management, 31 (5), 684-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.002 South Australian Tourism Commission. (1997). Wine and tourism: A background research report. Adelaide, Australia: South Australian Tourism Commission. Soler, P. (1997). La investigación cualitativa en marketing y publicidad: el grupo de discusión y el análisis de datos. Barcelona, España: Paidós Ibérica. Simmons, D.G. (1994). Community participation in Tourism. Tourism Management, 15 (2), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(94)90003-5 Shone, A. and Parry, B. (2004). Successful event management: A practical handbook. Hampshire, United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA. Getz, D. and Wicks, B. (1994). Professionalism and certification for festival and event practitioner: Trends and issues. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 1 (1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.3727/106527094792292078 Getz, D. (2005). Event management and event tourism. New York, USA: Cognizant. Getz, D. (2000). Developing a research agenda for the event management field. En Allen, J. et al. (Ed.), Events beyond 2000: Setting the agenda, proceedings of conference on event evaluation, research and education (pp. 10-21). Sydney, Australia: University of Technology Sydney. Artículo de revista Allen, J. et al. (2002). Festival and special event management. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons. Revista Perspectiva Empresarial - 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/view/222 Revista Perspectiva Empresarial Sabaneta: Fundación Universitaria Ceipa, 2014- text/html application/pdf Núm. 1 , Año 2019 : enero-junio Barajas, Á., Salgado, J. y Sánchez, P. (2012). Problemática de los estudios de impacto económico de eventos deportivos. Estudios de Economía Aplicada, 30 (2), 441-461. 1 6 megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntários, qualitativo. megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntarios, cualitativo. Floristán, Elena Servera, David G.Gallarza, Martina Fayos, Teresa Asistimos a un creciente interés académico en el estudio de los eventos. Sin embargo esos estudios se centran principalmente en el análisis de eventos deportivos o culturales y en menor medida en eventos religiosos, a pesar de su potencial de estudio para la gestión y la investigación. Con el presente trabajo buscamos mejorar el conocimiento de los eventos y profundizar en las particularidades de la gestión de voluntarios,  stakeholder clave en megaeventos religiosos. Para ello utilizamos una doble metodología cualitativa: entrevistas en profundidad con gestores, combinadas con dinámicas de grupo con voluntarios; todos ellos stakeholders de la XXIV Jornada Mundial de la Juventud celebrada en Madrid. Los resultados obtenidos ilustran la complejidad del proceso de captación, formación y organización de los voluntarios; al tiempo que permiten conocer mejor las motivaciones, intereses y características de los voluntarios de este tipo de eventos. Arcodia, C. and Whitford, M. (2007). Festival Attendance & the Development of Social Capital. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 8 (2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1300/J452v08n02_01 Español Bowdin, G., Mcdonnell, A. and O'Toole, W. (2001). Events Management. New York, USA: Routledge. Dolnicar, S. and Randle, M. (2004). What Moves Which Volunteers to Donate Their Time? An Investigation of Psychographic Heterogeneity among Volunteers in Australia. En Conference Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy, Wellington, New Zealand. Getz, D. (2000). Festivals and special events: Life cycle and saturation issues. En Garter, W. and Lime, D. (Ed.), Trends in outdoor recreation leisure and tourism (pp. 175-185). Wallingford, United Kingdom: CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994031.0175 Getz, D. (1997). Event Management and Event Tourism. New York, USA: Cognizant Communication Corporation. Getz, D. (1991). Festivals, Special Events and Tourism. New York, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Gallarza, M.G. et al. (2016). Volunteering for special events: Comparison between expected and perceived values. Innovar, 26 (59), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v26n59.54322 Gallarza, M.G. et al. (2010). La dimensionalidad de valor en la experiencia de voluntario en un mega- evento turístico. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 19 (4), 149-170. Gallarza, M.G. et al. (2009). Consumer behavior in a religious event experience: An empirical assessment of value dimensionality among volunteers. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3 (2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506180910962168 Fayos-Solá, E. (1997). The Impact of mega events. Annals of Tourism Research, Notes and Reports, 25 (1), 241-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00083-2 Fayos Gardó, T. et al. (2014). Measuring socio-demographic differences in volunteers with a value-based index: Illustration in a mega event. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 25 (6), 1345-1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9393-2 Faulkner, B. et al. (2000). Monitoring the tourism impacts of the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Event Management, 6 (4), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599500108751390 Farrell, J., Johnston, M. and Twynam, D. (1998). Volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and management at an elite sporting competition. Journal of Sport Management, 12 (4), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.4.288 Elstad, B. (2003). Continuance commitment and reasons to quit: A study of volunteers at a Jazz Festival. Event Management, 8 (2), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599503108751757 Brown, S. and James, J. (2004). Event design and management: Ritual sacrifice? En Yeoman, I, Robertson, M. and Ali-Knight, J. (Ed.), Festival and events management: An international arts and culture perspective (pp. 53-64). New York, USA: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-5872-0.50009-0 Publication Dávila, M.C. y Chacón, F. (2005). Diferencias entre voluntarios ambientales y socioasistenciales en el perfil sociodemográfico. Revista de Psicología Social Aplicada, 13 (3), 19-44. Cuskelly, G. et al. (2004). Predicting the behavioral dependability of sport event volunteers. Event Management, 9 (1-2), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.3727/1525995042781011 Brown, V. and Clark, V. (2008). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Cunningham, I. (1999). Changes in the Management of Volunteers Workers: The end of the Well Meaning Amateur? En 5th Researching the Voluntary Sector Conference, National Council for the Voluntary Sector, City University of London, London, England. Chalip, L. (2000). Sydney 2000 volunteers and the organisation of the Olympic Games: Economic and formative aspects. En Moragas, M., Moreno, A.B. and Puig, N., Volunteers, Global Society and the Olympic Movement (pp. 205-214). Lausanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee. Cnaan, R.A., Heist, H.D. and Storti, M.H. (2017). Episodic volunteering at a religious megaevent: Pope Francis's visit to Philadelphia. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 28 (1), 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21268 Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design. Thousand Oaks, USA: SAGE Publications. We are witnessing a growing academic interest in the study of events. However, these studies are mainly centered on the analysis of sports or cultural events, and to a lesser extent, on religious events, despite their study potential for management and research. The present work seeks to improve knowledge on events and delve into the particularities of volunteer (stakeholder) management, which is key in religious mega-events. To this end we used a double qualitative methodology: In-depth interviews with managers, combined with group dynamics with volunteers; all of them stakeholders in the XXIV World Youth Days hosted in Madrid. The results obtained illustrate the complexity of the process of volunteer recruiting, training and organization; while at the same time allowing to know better the motivations, interests and characteristics of the volunteers in this type of events. Mega-event, event, stakeholder, volunteers, qualitative. The management of mega-events from the perspective of different stakeholders: An exploratory analysis on volunteers Journal article https://doi.org/10.16967/23898186.222 10.16967/23898186.222 https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/download/222/158 https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/download/222/831 2389-8194 2389-8186 41 60 2019-06-03T00:00:00Z 2019-06-03 2019-06-03T00:00:00Z |
institution |
CEIPA BUSINESS SCHOOL |
thumbnail |
https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/CEIPABUSINESSSCHOOL/logo.png |
country_str |
Colombia |
collection |
Revista Perspectiva Empresarial |
title |
La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios |
spellingShingle |
La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios Floristán, Elena Servera, David G.Gallarza, Martina Fayos, Teresa megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntários, qualitativo. megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntarios, cualitativo. Mega-event, event, stakeholder, volunteers, qualitative. |
title_short |
La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios |
title_full |
La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios |
title_fullStr |
La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios |
title_full_unstemmed |
La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios |
title_sort |
la gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios |
title_eng |
The management of mega-events from the perspective of different stakeholders: An exploratory analysis on volunteers |
description |
Asistimos a un creciente interés académico en el estudio de los eventos. Sin embargo esos estudios se centran principalmente en el análisis de eventos deportivos o culturales y en menor medida en eventos religiosos, a pesar de su potencial de estudio para la gestión y la investigación. Con el presente trabajo buscamos mejorar el conocimiento de los eventos y profundizar en las particularidades de la gestión de voluntarios,  stakeholder clave en megaeventos religiosos. Para ello utilizamos una doble metodología cualitativa: entrevistas en profundidad con gestores, combinadas con dinámicas de grupo con voluntarios; todos ellos stakeholders de la XXIV Jornada Mundial de la Juventud celebrada en Madrid. Los resultados obtenidos ilustran la complejidad del proceso de captación, formación y organización de los voluntarios; al tiempo que permiten conocer mejor las motivaciones, intereses y características de los voluntarios de este tipo de eventos.
|
description_eng |
We are witnessing a growing academic interest in the study of events. However, these studies are mainly centered on the analysis of sports or cultural events, and to a lesser extent, on religious events, despite their study potential for management and research. The present work seeks to improve knowledge on events and delve into the particularities of volunteer (stakeholder) management, which is key in religious mega-events. To this end we used a double qualitative methodology: In-depth interviews with managers, combined with group dynamics with volunteers; all of them stakeholders in the XXIV World Youth Days hosted in Madrid. The results obtained illustrate the complexity of the process of volunteer recruiting, training and organization; while at the same time allowing to know better the motivations, interests and characteristics of the volunteers in this type of events.
|
author |
Floristán, Elena Servera, David G.Gallarza, Martina Fayos, Teresa |
author_facet |
Floristán, Elena Servera, David G.Gallarza, Martina Fayos, Teresa |
topicspa_str_mv |
megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntários, qualitativo. megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntarios, cualitativo. |
topic |
megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntários, qualitativo. megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntarios, cualitativo. Mega-event, event, stakeholder, volunteers, qualitative. |
topic_facet |
megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntários, qualitativo. megaevento, evento, stakeholder, voluntarios, cualitativo. Mega-event, event, stakeholder, volunteers, qualitative. |
citationvolume |
6 |
citationissue |
1 |
citationedition |
Núm. 1 , Año 2019 : enero-junio |
publisher |
Sabaneta: Fundación Universitaria Ceipa, 2014- |
ispartofjournal |
Revista Perspectiva Empresarial |
source |
https://revistas.ceipa.edu.co/index.php/perspectiva-empresarial/article/view/222 |
language |
Español |
format |
Article |
rights |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Revista Perspectiva Empresarial - 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
references |
Kasimati, E. (2003). Economics aspects and the summer Olympics: A review of related research. The International Journal of Tourism Research, 5 (6), 433-444. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.449 Revuelta, R. (2006). Turismo y eventos deportivos: los Juegos Olímpicos de invierno. Oppidum, 2, 399- 428. Podoshen, J.S. and Hunt, J.M. (2011). Equity restoration, the Holocaust and tourism of sacred sites. Tourism Management, 32 (6), 1332-1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.007 Park, H.Y. (2010). Heritage Tourism: Emotional Journeys into Nationhood. Annals of Tourism Research, 37 (1), 116-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.08.001 Muñiz, N., Cervantes, M. y Abad, J. (2003). Análisis de marketing de ciudades a partir de un sistema de indicadores urbanos. Aplicación a la caracterización de ciudades españolas. En XV Encuentro de Profesores Universitarios de Marketing, Córdoba, Argentina. Mota, R. y Vidal, F. (2003). Solidaridad y morfología de los voluntarios madrileños: informe de investigación. Madrid, España: Comunidad de Madrid. Monga, M. (2006). Measuring motivation to volunteer for special events. Event Management, 10 (1), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599506779364633 Maure, G. (2007). Definiciones y tendencias del turismo de eventos. Contribuciones a la Economía, 82. Recuperado de http://www.eumed.net/ce/2007b/gma.htm. Marris, T. (1987). The role and impact of mega-events and attractions on regional and national tourism development. Resolutions 37th congress of the AIEST, Calgary. Revue de Turisme, 42 (4), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb057975 Lo, A.S. and Lee, C.Y.S. (2011). Motivations and perceived value of volunteer tourists from Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 32 (2), 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.002 Lee, T.J., Riley, M. and Hampton, M.P. (2010). Conflict and Progress: Tourism Development in Korea. Annals of Tourism Research, 37 (2), 355-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.10.001 Lee, C. and Taylor, T. (2005). Critical reflections on the economic impact assessment of a mega-event: The case of 2002 FIFA World Cup. Tourism Management, 26, 595-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.03.002 Jago, L.K. and Shaw, R. (1999). Consumer perceptions of special events: A multi -stimulus validation. Journal of travel and Tourism Marketing, 8 (4), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v08n04_01 Rogge, J. (2004). Global viewing of Athens 2004 Olympic Games breaks records. En International Sports Television Convention, Monaco, France. Jafari, J. (2000). Enciclopedia del turismo. Madrid, España: Editorial Síntesis. Jackowski, A. and Smith, V. (1992). Polish pilgrim-tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 19 (1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90109-3 Hunter, W.C. (2011). Rukai indigenous tourism: Representations, cultural identity and Q method. 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Porto Alegre, Brasil: Bookman. Gummesson, E. (2000). Qualitative methods in management research. Thousand Oaks, USA: SAGE Publications. Graham, S., Goldblatt, J. and Delby, I. (1995). The ultimate guide to Sport Event Management and Marketing. Chicago, USA: Irwin. Goldblatt, J. (1997). Special events: Best practices in modern event management. New York, USA: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Goeldner, R.C., Ritchie, J.R.B. and Mcintosh, W.R. (2000). Tourism. Principles, Practices, Philosophies. New York, USA: Wiley. Ritchie, J.R.B. (1984). Assessing the impact of hallmark events: Conceptual and research segues. Journal of Travel Research, 23 (1), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728758402300101 Saleh, F. and Wood, C. (1998). Motives of volunteers in multicultural events: The case of Saskatoon Folkfest. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 5 (1-2), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.3727/106527098792186739 Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution and research. 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