Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja
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El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y poder describir la etiología y los mecanismos que mantienen la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia perpetrada por hombres mexicanos en contra de sus parejas femeninas. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio cualitativo mediante la técnica de grupos focales, en el que participaron 14 hombres reclutados a través de una campaña de marketing en redes sociales, todos con antecedentes de ejercicio de violencia de pareja y consumo de alcohol (evaluados mediante el AUDIT y un cuestionario semiestructurado). El análisis de datos se hizo de forma manual, con base en la teoría fundamentada, y fue sometido a tres tipos de triangulación. De acuerdo con los resultados, la etiología de la asocia... Ver más
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Revista iberoamericana de psicología - 2023
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Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja Need of belonging, Mexican men's normative socialization, and machismo as the root of couple problems, the role of alcohol use, and intimate partner violence El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y poder describir la etiología y los mecanismos que mantienen la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia perpetrada por hombres mexicanos en contra de sus parejas femeninas. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio cualitativo mediante la técnica de grupos focales, en el que participaron 14 hombres reclutados a través de una campaña de marketing en redes sociales, todos con antecedentes de ejercicio de violencia de pareja y consumo de alcohol (evaluados mediante el AUDIT y un cuestionario semiestructurado). El análisis de datos se hizo de forma manual, con base en la teoría fundamentada, y fue sometido a tres tipos de triangulación. De acuerdo con los resultados, la etiología de la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja es la inadecuada satisfacción de la necesidad de vínculo (apego), impuesta por la socialización normativa de ser hombre, culturalmente conocida como machismo; asociación que se mantiene principalmente por la desregulación emocional, la falta de habilidades de convivencia en pareja y el mal manejo de la economía familiar. Los resultados ponen sobre la mesa un hecho conocido, pero poco tomado en cuenta: tanto el consumo de alcohol como el ejercicio de la violencia están fuertemente influenciados por la cultura, lo que vuelve necesaria la investigación del fenómeno enfatizando las peculiaridades de la población bajo estudio. Estos resultados pueden considerarse un indicador de los componentes necesarios para desarrollar una intervención que atienda ambas variables, en población mexicana This research aims to understand and describe the etiology and mechanisms that maintain the association between alcohol consumption and violence perpetrated by Mexican men against their female partners. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using the focus group technique, with the participation of 14 men recruited through a marketing campaign in social networks, all with a history of intimate partner violence and alcohol consumption (assessed using the AUDIT and a semi-structured questionnaire). The data analysis was done manually, based on grounded theory, and subjected to three triangulation types. According to the results, the etiology of the association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence is the inadequate satisfaction of the need for bonding (attachment), imposed by the normative socialization of being a man, culturally known as machismo; an association that is maintained mainly by emotional dysregulation, lack of cohabitation skills in couples and poor management of the family economy. The results bring to the table a well-known, but little-considered fact: both alcohol consumption and the exercise of violence are strongly influenced by culture, which makes it necessary to investigate the phenomenon, emphasizing the peculiarities of the population under study. These results can be considered an indicator of the components necessary to develop an intervention that addresses both variables in the Mexican population Rojo Ornelas, Laura Benjet Miner, Corina Lenora Robles García, Rebeca Lira Mandujano, Jennifer mexican male normative socialization couple problems alcohol use intimate partner violence focus group grounded theory socialización normativa masculina mexicana problemas de pareja uso de alcohol violencia de pareja grupo focal teoría fundamentada 16 2 Núm. 2 , Año 2023 : Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Artículo de revista Journal article 2024-02-08T14:05:40Z 2024-02-08T14:05:40Z 2024-02-08 application/pdf text/xml Bogotá: Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología 2027-1786 2500-6517 https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/view/2445 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.16211 https://doi.org/10.33881/2027-1786.rip.16211 eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Revista iberoamericana de psicología - 2023 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. 123 135 Babcock, J. C., Green, C. E., & Robie, C. (2004). Does batterers’ treatment work? A meta-analytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(8), 1023-1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2002.07.001 Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., Saunders, J., & Grant, M. (1989). AUDIT. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: guidelines for use in primary health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/activities/en/AUDITmanualSpanish.pdf Boira, S., & Jodrá, P. (2010). Psychopathology, characteristics of violence and dropouts in programs for violent men with a partner: results in an intervention device [Psicopatología, características de la violencia y abandonos en programas para hombres violentos con la pareja: resultados en un dispositivo de intervención]. Psicothema, 22(4), 593-599. ISSN 0214-9915 Bonilla-Jimenez, F. I., & Escobar, J. (2017). Focus groups: a conceptual and methodological guide [Grupos focales: una guía conceptual y metodológica]. Bott, S., Guedes, A., Ruiz-Celis, A. P., & Mendoza, J. A. (2019). Intimate partner violence in the Americas: A systematic review and reanalysis of national prevalence estimates. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 43, 1. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2019.26 Celaya-Alston, R. (2000). Hombres en Accion (Men in Action): A Community Defined Domestic Violence Intervention with Mexican, Immigrant, Men. Portland State University. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.52 Chovanec, M. (2009). Facilitating Change in Group Work with Abusive Men: Examining Stages of Change. Social Work With Groups, 32(1), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/01609510802413055 Day, A., Chung, D., O’Leary, P., & Carson, E. (2009). Programs for Men who Perpetrate Domestic Violence: An Examination of the Issues Underlying the Effectiveness of Intervention Programs. Journal of Family Violence, 24(3), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9221-4 Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801 Easton, C. J., Crane, C. A., & Mandel, D. (2018). A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance-Dependent Domestic Violence Offenders: An Integrated Substance Abuse-Domestic Violence Treatment Approach (SADV). Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(3), 483-498. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12260 Echeburúa, E. (2013). Adherence to treatment in abusive men against a partner in a community setting: current reality and future challenges [Adherencia al tratamiento en hombres maltratadores contra la pareja en un entorno comunitario: Realidad actual y retos de futuro]. Psychosocial Intervention, 22(2), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2013a11 Echeburúa, E., Sarasua, B., Zubizarreta, I. & de Corral, P. (2009). Evaluación de la eficacia de un tratamiento cognitivo-conductual para hombres violentos contra la pareja en un marco comunitario: una experiencia de 10 años (1997-2007). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9(2), 199-217. ISSN 1697-2600 Echeverría, L., Ruiz, G., Salazar, L., Tiburcio, A., & Ayala, H. (2012). Manual de Detección Temprana e Intervención Breve para Bebedores Problema. Secretaría de Salud: Centro Nacional para la Prevención y el Control de las Adicciones. http://www.biblioteca.cij.gob.mx/Archivos/Materiales_de_consulta/Drogas_de_Abuso/Articulos/Deteccion_temprana.pdf Eckhardt, C. I., Murphy, C., Black, D., & Suhr, L. (2006). Intervention Programs for Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: Conclusions from a Clinical Research Perspective. 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International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 65(2), 162-179. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2015.65.2.162 Kraanen, F. L., Scholing, A., Hamdoune, M., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2014). Integrated Treatment for Substance Abuse and Partner Violence (I-StoP): A Case Study. Clinical Case Studies, 13(3), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650113506037 Kraanen, F. L., Vedel, E., Scholing, A., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2013). The comparative effectiveness of Integrated treatment for Substance abuse and Partner violence (I-StoP) and substance abuse treatment alone: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 189. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-189 Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002). The world report on violence and health. The lancet, 360(9339), 1083-1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11133-0 Leonard, K. E., & Quigley, B. M. (1999). 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(1998). Experience with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Mexico. Recent Developments in Alcoholism, 383-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47148-5_19 Murphy, C. M., Ting, L. A., Jordan, L. C., Musser, P. H., Winters, J. J., Poole, G. M., & Pitts, S. C. (2018). A randomized clinical trial of motivational enhancement therapy for alcohol problems in partner violent men. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 89, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.03.004 Natera, R. G., Medina, A. P. S., Callejas, P. F., Juárez, F., & Tiburcio, M. (2011). Effects of an intervention to relatives of alcohol consumers in an indigenous region in Mexico [Efectos de una intervención a familiares de consumidores de alcohol en una región indígena en México]. Salud mental, 34(3), 195-201. National Institute of Statistics and Geography [Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía INEGI]. (2017). National survey about household relationships [Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares ENDIREH]. INEGI. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/endireh/2016/ Neighbors, C., Walker, D. D., Roffman, R. A., Mbilinyi, L. F., & Edleson, J. L. (2008). Self-Determination Theory and Motivational Interviewing: Complementary Models to Elicit Voluntary Engagement by Partner-Abusive Men. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36(2), 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180701236142 Oberleitner, L. M. S., Mandel, D. L., & Easton, C. J. (2013). Treatment of co-occurring alcohol dependence and perpetration of intimate partner violence: The role of anger expression. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45(3), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.03.001 Ornelas, I. J., Allen, C., Vaughan, C., Williams, E. C., & Negi, N. (2015). Vida PURA: A Cultural Adaptation of Screening and Brief Intervention to Reduce Unhealthy Drinking Among Latino Day Laborers. Substance Abuse, 36(3), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2014.955900 Otzen, T., & Manterola, C. (2017). Sampling techniques on a study population [Técnicas de muestreo sobre una población a estudio]. International Journal of Morphology, 35(1), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022017000100037 Øverup, C. S., Hadden, B. W., Knee, C. R., & Rodriguez, L. M. (2017). Self-determination theory and intimate partner violence (IPV): Assessment of relationship causality orientations as predictors of IPV perpetration. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.07.002 Páramo Morales, D. (2015). Editorial: Grounded Theory, qualitative scientific research methodology [Editorial: La teoría fundamentada (Grounded Theory), metodología cualitativa de investigación científica]. Revista científica Pensamiento y Gestión, 39, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.14482/pege.39.8439 Quezada, G. (2014). Reflections on the foundations and procedures of Grounded Theory [Reflexiones sobre las bases y procedimientos de la Teoría Fundamentada]. Rico, B., López, P., & Valdés, R. (2003). National Survey of Intimate Partner Violence in Users of Public Health Services in Mexico (ENVIUS) [Encuesta Nacional de Violencia de pareja en Usuarias de Servicios públicos de salud en México (ENVIUS)]. Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of personality and social psychology, 43(3), 450. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.450 Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). A self-determination theory approach to psychotherapy: The motivational basis for effective change. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012753 Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860 Ryan, R., & Deci, E. L. (2000). La Teoría de la Autodeterminación y la Facilitación de la Motivación Intrínseca, el Desarrollo Social, y el Bienestar. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037110003-066X.55.1.68 Satyanarayana, V. A., Nattala, P., Selvam, S., Pradeep, J., Hebbani, S., Hegde, S., & Srinivasan, K. (2016). Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Reduces Intimate Partner Violence Among Alcohol Dependent Men and Improves Mental Health Outcomes in their Spouses: A Clinic Based Randomized Controlled Trial from South India. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 64, 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2016.02.005 Scott, K., Heslop, L., Kelly, T., & Wiggins, K. (2015). Intervening to Prevent Repeat Offending Among Moderate- to High-Risk Domestic Violence Offenders: A Second-Responder Program for Men. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 59(3), 273-294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X13513709 Smedslund, G., Dalsbø, T. K., Steiro, A., Winsvold, A., & Clench-Aas, J. (2007). Cognitive behavioural therapy for men who physically abuse their female partner. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006048.pub2 Soleymani, S., Britt, E., & Wallace-Bell, M. (2018). Motivational interviewing for enhancing engagement in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) treatment: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 40, 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.05.005 Stewart, L. A., Gabora, N., Kropp, P. R., & Lee, Z. (2014). Effectiveness of Risk-Needs-Responsivity-Based Family Violence Programs with Male Offenders. Journal of Family Violence, 29(2), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9575-0 Stuart, G. L., Shorey, R. C., Moore, T. M., Ramsey, S. E., Kahler, C. W., O’Farrell, T. J., Strong, D. R., Temple, J. R., & Monti, P. M. (2013). Randomized clinical trial examining the incremental efficacy of a 90-minute motivational alcohol intervention as an adjunct to standard batterer intervention for men: Alcohol clinical trial for batterers. Addiction, 108(8), 1376-1384. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12142 Sygel, K., Kristiansson, M., Furberg, R., & Fors, U. (2014). Reactions on Display/Intimate Partner Violence (RoD/IPV)—A Study of a New Interactive Computer Simulation Program for the Treatment of Men Convicted of Intimate Partner Violence. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(4), 369-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2014.951104 Thompson, M. P., & Kingree, J. B. (2006). The Roles of Victim and Perpetrator Alcohol Use in Intimate Partner Violence Outcomes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(2), 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260505282283 Tollefson, D. R., & Phillips, I. (2015). A Mind-Body Bridging Treatment Program for Domestic Violence Offenders: Program Overview and Evaluation Results. Journal of Family Violence, 30(6), 783-794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9715-9 Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042 Velonis, A. J., Cheff, R., Finn, D., Davloor, W., & O’Campo, P. (2016). Searching for the mechanisms of change: A protocol for a realist review of batterer treatment programmes. BMJ Open, 6(4), e010173. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010173 Velonis, A. J., Mahabir, D. F., Maddox, R., & O’Campo, P. (2020). Still Looking for Mechanisms: A Realist Review of Batterer Intervention Programs. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(4), 741-753. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018791285 Villatoro, J., Reséndiz, E., Mujica, A., Bretónt, M., Cañas, V., Soto, I., Fregoso, D., Fleiz, C., Medina-Mora, M., Gutiérrez, J., Franco, A., Romero, M., & Mendoza, L. (2017). National Survey of Drug, Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption 2016-2017: Alcohol Report [Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017: Reporte de Alcohol]. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Comisión Nacional Contra las Adicciones, Secretaría de Salud. http://inprf.gob.mx/psicosociales/archivos/ena/ENCODAT_DROGAS_2016-2017.pdf Walker, L. E. (2015). Looking back and looking forward: Psychological and legal interventions for domestic violence. Ethics, Medicine, and Public Health, 1(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2015.02.002 https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/download/2445/1923 https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/download/2445/2001 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología |
title |
Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja |
spellingShingle |
Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja Rojo Ornelas, Laura Benjet Miner, Corina Lenora Robles García, Rebeca Lira Mandujano, Jennifer mexican male normative socialization couple problems alcohol use intimate partner violence focus group grounded theory socialización normativa masculina mexicana problemas de pareja uso de alcohol violencia de pareja grupo focal teoría fundamentada |
title_short |
Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja |
title_full |
Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja |
title_fullStr |
Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja |
title_full_unstemmed |
Necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja |
title_sort |
necesidad de apego, socialización normativa masculina mexicana y machismo como raíz de los problemas de pareja, el papel del consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja |
title_eng |
Need of belonging, Mexican men's normative socialization, and machismo as the root of couple problems, the role of alcohol use, and intimate partner violence |
description |
El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer y poder describir la etiología y los mecanismos que mantienen la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia perpetrada por hombres mexicanos en contra de sus parejas femeninas. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio cualitativo mediante la técnica de grupos focales, en el que participaron 14 hombres reclutados a través de una campaña de marketing en redes sociales, todos con antecedentes de ejercicio de violencia de pareja y consumo de alcohol (evaluados mediante el AUDIT y un cuestionario semiestructurado). El análisis de datos se hizo de forma manual, con base en la teoría fundamentada, y fue sometido a tres tipos de triangulación. De acuerdo con los resultados, la etiología de la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la violencia de pareja es la inadecuada satisfacción de la necesidad de vínculo (apego), impuesta por la socialización normativa de ser hombre, culturalmente conocida como machismo; asociación que se mantiene principalmente por la desregulación emocional, la falta de habilidades de convivencia en pareja y el mal manejo de la economía familiar. Los resultados ponen sobre la mesa un hecho conocido, pero poco tomado en cuenta: tanto el consumo de alcohol como el ejercicio de la violencia están fuertemente influenciados por la cultura, lo que vuelve necesaria la investigación del fenómeno enfatizando las peculiaridades de la población bajo estudio. Estos resultados pueden considerarse un indicador de los componentes necesarios para desarrollar una intervención que atienda ambas variables, en población mexicana
|
description_eng |
This research aims to understand and describe the etiology and mechanisms that maintain the association between alcohol consumption and violence perpetrated by Mexican men against their female partners. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using the focus group technique, with the participation of 14 men recruited through a marketing campaign in social networks, all with a history of intimate partner violence and alcohol consumption (assessed using the AUDIT and a semi-structured questionnaire). The data analysis was done manually, based on grounded theory, and subjected to three triangulation types. According to the results, the etiology of the association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence is the inadequate satisfaction of the need for bonding (attachment), imposed by the normative socialization of being a man, culturally known as machismo; an association that is maintained mainly by emotional dysregulation, lack of cohabitation skills in couples and poor management of the family economy. The results bring to the table a well-known, but little-considered fact: both alcohol consumption and the exercise of violence are strongly influenced by culture, which makes it necessary to investigate the phenomenon, emphasizing the peculiarities of the population under study. These results can be considered an indicator of the components necessary to develop an intervention that addresses both variables in the Mexican population
|
author |
Rojo Ornelas, Laura Benjet Miner, Corina Lenora Robles García, Rebeca Lira Mandujano, Jennifer |
author_facet |
Rojo Ornelas, Laura Benjet Miner, Corina Lenora Robles García, Rebeca Lira Mandujano, Jennifer |
topic |
mexican male normative socialization couple problems alcohol use intimate partner violence focus group grounded theory socialización normativa masculina mexicana problemas de pareja uso de alcohol violencia de pareja grupo focal teoría fundamentada |
topic_facet |
mexican male normative socialization couple problems alcohol use intimate partner violence focus group grounded theory socialización normativa masculina mexicana problemas de pareja uso de alcohol violencia de pareja grupo focal teoría fundamentada |
topicspa_str_mv |
socialización normativa masculina mexicana problemas de pareja uso de alcohol violencia de pareja grupo focal teoría fundamentada |
citationvolume |
16 |
citationissue |
2 |
citationedition |
Núm. 2 , Año 2023 : Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología |
publisher |
Bogotá: Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana |
ispartofjournal |
Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología |
source |
https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/view/2445 |
language |
eng |
format |
Article |
rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Revista iberoamericana de psicología - 2023 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
references_eng |
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Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Comisión Nacional Contra las Adicciones, Secretaría de Salud. http://inprf.gob.mx/psicosociales/archivos/ena/ENCODAT_DROGAS_2016-2017.pdf Walker, L. E. (2015). Looking back and looking forward: Psychological and legal interventions for domestic violence. Ethics, Medicine, and Public Health, 1(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2015.02.002 |
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