Titulo:
Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos
.
Sumario:
La investigación realizada sobre Burnout ha mostrado de manera reiterada que es un síndrome presente en el contexto laboral con graves consecuencias para la salud del trabajador. Sin embargo, los estudios que proponen medidas eficaces para reducir los niveles de exposición al Burnout son escasos. Investigaciones previas han relacionado al capital psicológico de manera negativa y significativa con el burnout. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel mediador del capital psicológico en la relación entre las tres dimensiones del Burnout y la salud autopercibida de los trabajadores. La muestra está compuesta por 195 trabajadores españoles de distintos sectores de actividad. Los resultados muestran que el capital psicológico media la rel... Ver más
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2020-12-31
181
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Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana - 2021
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Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos Burnout, self-perceived health and psychological capital: findings from the conservation of resources theory La investigación realizada sobre Burnout ha mostrado de manera reiterada que es un síndrome presente en el contexto laboral con graves consecuencias para la salud del trabajador. Sin embargo, los estudios que proponen medidas eficaces para reducir los niveles de exposición al Burnout son escasos. Investigaciones previas han relacionado al capital psicológico de manera negativa y significativa con el burnout. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel mediador del capital psicológico en la relación entre las tres dimensiones del Burnout y la salud autopercibida de los trabajadores. La muestra está compuesta por 195 trabajadores españoles de distintos sectores de actividad. Los resultados muestran que el capital psicológico media la relación entre las tres dimensiones del burnout y la salud autopercibida de los trabajadores. Para finalizar, se pone de manifiesto la importancia de los recursos psicológicos personales para reducir las consecuencias negativas del Burnout en el bienestar de los empleados. Previous burnout research has repeatedly shown it as a workplace syndrome with serious consequences for employees’ health and wellbeing. However, the presence of effective measures to reduce burnout exposure levels is scarce. Previous empirical evidence has argued that psychological capital is related in a negative and significant way with burnout. The objective of this work is to analyze the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between the three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and lack of self-efficacy) and employees self-perceived health. For that purpose, the sample is composed of 195 Spanish workers from different economic sectors. The results show that psychological capital mediates the relationship between the three dimensions of burnout and the employees self-perceived health. Finally, the importance of personal psychological resources to reduce burnout negative consequences on employees well-being is highlighted. Fernández Valera, Maria Magdalena Sanchez Soler, Maria Isabel Meseguer de Pedro, Mariano Burnout; Psychological Capital; Occupational Health; Employees; Mediational analysis; Psychological personal resources Burnout; Capital Psicológico; Salud Laboral; Empleados; Análisis de mediación; Recursos psicológicos personales Burnout Salud Ocupacional Capital psicológico Burnout; Capital psicológico; Saúde Ocupacional; Funcionários; Análise de mediação; Recursos psicológicos pessoais 13 3 Núm. 3 , Año 2020 : Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Artículo de revista Journal article 2020-12-31T00:00:00Z 2020-12-31T00:00:00Z 2020-12-31 application/pdf Bogotá: Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología 2027-1786 2500-6517 https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/view/rip.13311 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13311 https://doi.org/10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13311 spa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana - 2021 181 188 Ahola, K., Pulkki-Råback, L., Kouvonen, A., Rossi, H., Aromaa, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2012). Burnout and Behavior-Related Health Risk Factors. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54(1), 17–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22157806/ Aranda, B.C., Pando, M.M., & Salazar, E.J. (2016). Síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores de diversas actividades económicas en México. Revista Iberoamericana De Psicología, 8(2), 23 - 28. https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/view/rip.8202 Armon, G., Melamed, S., Shirom, A., & Shapira, I. (2010). Elevated Burnout predicts the onset of musculoskeletal pain among apparently healthy employees. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(4), 399–408. doi:10.1037/a0020726 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21058854/ Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015). Burnout–depression overlap: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 36, 28–41. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25638755/ Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349–361. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-01717-012 Brewer, E. W., & Shapard, L. (2004). Employee Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Age or Years of Experience. Human Resource Development Review, 3(2), 102–123. doi:10.1177/1534484304263335 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1534484304263335 Cheung, F., Tang, C. S., & Tang, S. (2011). Psychological capital as a moderator between emotional labor, Burnout, and job satisfaction among school teachers in China. International Journal of Stress Management, 18(4), 348–371. doi:10.1037/a0025787 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-22368-001 Cifre, E., & Navarro, M. L. (2013). Construyendo puentes entre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y la Salud Psicosocial en las Organizaciones: Una Guía 2.0 para el incremento de la Empleabilidad. Estudios financieros. Revista de Trabajo y Seguridad Social: Comentarios, Casos Prácticos: Recursos Humanos, 359, 163–204. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235652880_Construyendo_puentes_entre_la_RSE_y_la_Salud_Psicolsocial_en_las_Organizaciones_Una_guia_20_para_el_incremento_de_la_empleabilidad Crowne, D. P. & Marlowe, D. (1964). The Approval Motive. New York: John Wiley &. Sons. Ding, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, X., Zhang, T., Qiu, X., He, X., … Sui, H. (2015). The Mediating Role of Coping Style in the Relationship between Psychological Capital and Burnout among Chinese Nurses. Plos One, 10(4), e0122128. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122128 https://digitum.um.es/digitum/bitstream/10201/60919/1/TESIS_MMFV.pdf Ennis, N. E., Hobfoll, S. E., & Schröder, K. E. (2000). Money doesn't talk, it swears: How economic stress and resistance resources impact inner‐city women's depressive mood. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(2), 149-173. doi: 10.1023/A:1005183100610 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836089/ Fidalgo M. (2006). Síndrome de estar quemado por el trabajo “Burnout” (II): Consecuencias, evaluación y prevención. Nota Técnica de Prevención 705. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo. https://www.insst.es/documents/94886/327446/ntp_705.pdf/a6901ca1-e0a3-444d-96dd-419079da204d Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367–1377. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1512 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512 Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive Affect and the Complex Dynamics of Human Flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678–686. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.7.678 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-11834-001 Frey, R., Robinson, J., Wong, C., & Gott, M. (2018). Burnout, compassion fatigue and psychological capital: Findings from a survey of nurses delivering palliative care. Applied Nursing Research, 43, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.06.003 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30220354/ García, C. R., Oviedo, A. M., Santillán, M. D. L. V., Velázquez, V. H., & Fiesco, M. D. S. P. (2009). Prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en el personal de Enfermería de dos Hospitales del Estado de México. Fundamentos en humanidades, (19), 179-193. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/184/18411965011.pdf Garrosa, E., & Moreno-Jiménez, B. (2013). Burnout and active coping with emotional resilience. In Burnout for Experts (pp. 201-221). Springer, Boston, MA. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-00055-013 Georgiou, K., & Nikolaou, I. (2018). The influence and development of psychological capital in the job search context. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 19(3), 391–409. doi:10.1007/s10775-018-9385-2 https://www.enop-psy.org/newsletter1/ENOP-Newsletter-77.pdf Goldberg, D., & Williams, P. (2000). General health questionnaire (GHQ). Swindon, Wiltshire, UK: nferNelson. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/general-health-questionnaire-ghq/ Gómez-Perdomo, G. E., Meneses-Higuita, A. C., & Palacio-Montes, M. C. (2017). La satisfacción laboral y el capital psicológico: factores que influyen en el síndrome de Burnout. Ansiedad y estrés, 23(2-3), 71-75. doi:10.1016/j.anyes.2017.09.002. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1134793716300550 Hansen, A., Buitendach, J. H., & Kanengoni, H. (2015). Psychological capital, subjective well-being, Burnout and job satisfaction amongst educators in the Umlazi region in South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1), 1-9. doi:10.4102/sajhrm.v13i1.621 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282527660_Psychological_capital_subjective_well-being_burnout_and_job_satisfaction_amongst_educators_in_the_Umlazi_region_in_South_Africa Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation: A regression-based approach. Guilford press. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jedm.12050 Herbert, M. (2011). An exploration of the relationships between psychological capital (hope, optimism, self-efficacy, resilience), occupational stress, Burnout and employee engagement (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.998.1394&rep=rep1&type=pdf Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The Influence of Culture, Community, and the Nested‐Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337–421. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00062 https://iaap-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1464-0597.00062 Hobfoll, S. E., & Freedy, J. (2017). Conservation of Resources: A General Stress Theory Applied To Burnout. Professional Burnout, 115–129. doi:10.4324/9781315227979-9 https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315227979-9/conservation-resources-general-stress-theory-applied-burnout-stevan-hobfoll-john-freedy Jackson, E. R., Shanafelt, T. D., Hasan, O., Satele, D. V., & Dyrbye, L. N. (2016). Burnout and Alcohol Abuse/Dependence Among U.S. Medical Students. Academic Medicine, 91(9), 1251–1256. doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001138 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26934693/ King, M. F., & Bruner, G. C. (2000). Social desirability bias: A neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology and Marketing, 17(2), 79-103. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1520- 6793(200002)17 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291520-6793%28200002%2917%3A2%3C79%3A%3AAID-MAR2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-0 Ko, J. O., Park, S. K., & Lee, M. H. (2013). Factors Affecting Burnout among Clinical Nurses according to Positive Psychological Capital. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 19(2), 304. doi:10.11111/jkana.2013.19.2.304 https://jkana.or.kr/search.php?where=citedbylinking&id=10.11111/jkana.2013.19.2.304&mode=CrossRef Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From Psychological Stress to the Emotions: A History of Changing Outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44(1), 1–22. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000245 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000245 León L., G. (2011). Los profesionales de secundaria, como factores de riesgo en el síndrome de Burnout. Revista Electrónica Educare, 15(1), 177–191. doi:10.15359/ree.15-1.14 file:///C:/Users/eduar/Downloads/890-Article%20Text-43350-1-10-20190520.pdf López, M., & Dresch, V. (2008). The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): reliability, external validity and factor structure in the Spanish population. Psicothema, 20(4), 839-843. http://www.psicothema.com/english/psicothema.asp?id=3564 Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological Capital: Investing and Developing Positive Organizational Behavior. Positive Organizational Behavior, 9–24. doi:10.4135/9781446212752.n2 https://sk.sagepub.com/books/positive-organizational-behavior/n2.xml Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2015). Psychological capital and beyond. Oxford University Press, USA. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/psychological-capital-and-beyond-9780199316472?cc=co&lang=en& Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schwab, R. L. (1986). Maslach Burnout inventory (Vol. 21, pp. 3463-3464). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting psychologists press. http://www.sciepub.com/reference/289331 Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 Masten, A. S. (2011). Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: Frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy. Development and Psychopathology, 23(2), 493–506. doi:10.1017/s0954579411000198 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23786691/ Meseguer-de Pedro, M., Soler-Sánchez, M. I., Fernández-Valera, M. M., & García-Izquierdo, M. (2017). Evaluación del Capital Psicológico en trabajadores españoles: diseño y estructura empírica del cuestionario OREA. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 33(3), 713-721. doi:10.6018/analesps.33.3.261741 https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/analesps.33.3.261741 Pagnin, D., de Queiroz, V., Carvalho, Y. T. M. S., Dutra, A. S. S., Amaral, M. B., & Queiroz, T. T. (2014). The Relation Between Burnout and Sleep Disorders in Medical Students. Academic Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0093-z https://docksci.com/the-relation-between-burnout-and-sleep-disorders-in-medical-students_5af02637d64ab204f077af70.html. Rodríguez, C. G., Oviedo, A. M., Santillán, M. D. L. V., Velázquez, V. H., & Fiesco, M. D. S. P. (2009). Prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en el personal de Enfermería de dos Hospitales del Estado de México. Fundamentos en humanidades, (19), 179-193. doi:10.1016/s1130-8621(07)71810-7 https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/184/18411965011.pdf Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Llorens, S., Peiro, J. M., & Grau, R. (1999). Maslach Burnout Inventory--General Survey; Spanish Version. PsycTESTS Dataset. doi:10.1037/t05260-000 http://www.want.uji.es/wp-content/uploads/articulos/2000/2000_salanova_desde_an.pdf Salazar-Carvajal, P. F., Herrera-Sánchez, I. M., Rueda-Méndez, S., & León-Rubio, J. M. (2014). El efecto de la conservación de recursos sobre la intención emprendedora en el contexto de crisis económica: El rol moderador de la autoeficacia y la creatividad [The resource conservation effect on entrepreneurial intention in the context of economic crisis: The moderating role of self-efficacy and creativity]. Anales de Psicología, 30, 549–559. doi:10.6018/analesps.30.2.159281 https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/analesps.30.2.159281 Spector, P. E. (2006). Method Variance in Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods, 9(2), 221–232. doi:10.1177/1094428105284955 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1094428105284955 Vera, B. (2006). Psicología positiva. Una nueva forma de entender la psicología. Papeles del Psicólogo, 27(1), 3-8. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/778/77827102.pdf Wang, Y., Chang, Y., Fu, J., & Wang, L. (2012). Work-family conflict and Burnout among Chinese female nurses: the mediating effect of psychological capital. BMC Public Health, 12(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-915 https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-915 Wang, Y., Ramos, A., Wu, H., Liu, L., Yang, X., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2014). Relationship between occupational stress and Burnout among Chinese teachers: a cross-sectional survey in Liaoning, China. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 88(5), 589–597. doi:10.1007/s00420-014-0987-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25256806/ Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Cornell University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1992-97370-000 Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2014). Advancing OB Research. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 130–140. doi:10.1177/1548051813515512 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1548051813515512 https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/download/rip.13311/1669 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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CORPORACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA IBEROAMERICANA |
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https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/CORPORACIONUNIVERSITARIAIBEROAMERICANA/logo.png |
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Colombia |
| collection |
Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología |
| title |
Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos |
| spellingShingle |
Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos Fernández Valera, Maria Magdalena Sanchez Soler, Maria Isabel Meseguer de Pedro, Mariano Burnout; Psychological Capital; Occupational Health; Employees; Mediational analysis; Psychological personal resources Burnout; Capital Psicológico; Salud Laboral; Empleados; Análisis de mediación; Recursos psicológicos personales Burnout Salud Ocupacional Capital psicológico Burnout; Capital psicológico; Saúde Ocupacional; Funcionários; Análise de mediação; Recursos psicológicos pessoais |
| title_short |
Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos |
| title_full |
Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos |
| title_fullStr |
Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos |
| title_sort |
burnout, salud y capital psicológico: un acercamiento desde la teoría de la conservación de recursos |
| title_eng |
Burnout, self-perceived health and psychological capital: findings from the conservation of resources theory |
| description |
La investigación realizada sobre Burnout ha mostrado de manera reiterada que es un síndrome presente en el contexto laboral con graves consecuencias para la salud del trabajador. Sin embargo, los estudios que proponen medidas eficaces para reducir los niveles de exposición al Burnout son escasos. Investigaciones previas han relacionado al capital psicológico de manera negativa y significativa con el burnout. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel mediador del capital psicológico en la relación entre las tres dimensiones del Burnout y la salud autopercibida de los trabajadores. La muestra está compuesta por 195 trabajadores españoles de distintos sectores de actividad. Los resultados muestran que el capital psicológico media la relación entre las tres dimensiones del burnout y la salud autopercibida de los trabajadores. Para finalizar, se pone de manifiesto la importancia de los recursos psicológicos personales para reducir las consecuencias negativas del Burnout en el bienestar de los empleados.
|
| description_eng |
Previous burnout research has repeatedly shown it as a workplace syndrome with serious consequences for employees’ health and wellbeing. However, the presence of effective measures to reduce burnout exposure levels is scarce. Previous empirical evidence has argued that psychological capital is related in a negative and significant way with burnout. The objective of this work is to analyze the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between the three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and lack of self-efficacy) and employees self-perceived health. For that purpose, the sample is composed of 195 Spanish workers from different economic sectors. The results show that psychological capital mediates the relationship between the three dimensions of burnout and the employees self-perceived health. Finally, the importance of personal psychological resources to reduce burnout negative consequences on employees well-being is highlighted.
|
| author |
Fernández Valera, Maria Magdalena Sanchez Soler, Maria Isabel Meseguer de Pedro, Mariano |
| author_facet |
Fernández Valera, Maria Magdalena Sanchez Soler, Maria Isabel Meseguer de Pedro, Mariano |
| topic |
Burnout; Psychological Capital; Occupational Health; Employees; Mediational analysis; Psychological personal resources Burnout; Capital Psicológico; Salud Laboral; Empleados; Análisis de mediación; Recursos psicológicos personales Burnout Salud Ocupacional Capital psicológico Burnout; Capital psicológico; Saúde Ocupacional; Funcionários; Análise de mediação; Recursos psicológicos pessoais |
| topic_facet |
Burnout; Psychological Capital; Occupational Health; Employees; Mediational analysis; Psychological personal resources Burnout; Capital Psicológico; Salud Laboral; Empleados; Análisis de mediación; Recursos psicológicos personales Burnout Salud Ocupacional Capital psicológico Burnout; Capital psicológico; Saúde Ocupacional; Funcionários; Análise de mediação; Recursos psicológicos pessoais |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Burnout; Capital Psicológico; Salud Laboral; Empleados; Análisis de mediación; Recursos psicológicos personales Burnout Salud Ocupacional Capital psicológico Burnout; Capital psicológico; Saúde Ocupacional; Funcionários; Análise de mediação; Recursos psicológicos pessoais |
| citationvolume |
13 |
| citationissue |
3 |
| citationedition |
Núm. 3 , Año 2020 : Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología |
| publisher |
Bogotá: Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana |
| ispartofjournal |
Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología |
| source |
https://reviberopsicologia.ibero.edu.co/article/view/rip.13311 |
| language |
spa |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana - 2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references |
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M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349–361. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-01717-012 Brewer, E. W., & Shapard, L. (2004). Employee Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Age or Years of Experience. Human Resource Development Review, 3(2), 102–123. doi:10.1177/1534484304263335 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1534484304263335 Cheung, F., Tang, C. S., & Tang, S. (2011). Psychological capital as a moderator between emotional labor, Burnout, and job satisfaction among school teachers in China. International Journal of Stress Management, 18(4), 348–371. doi:10.1037/a0025787 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-22368-001 Cifre, E., & Navarro, M. L. (2013). Construyendo puentes entre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y la Salud Psicosocial en las Organizaciones: Una Guía 2.0 para el incremento de la Empleabilidad. 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