Titulo:
Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus.
.
Sumario:
El tinnitus es un síntoma común y frecuente definido como una sensación de sonido que se produce en ausencia de cualquier fuente acústica externa. El tinnitus crónico no solo es aversivo, sino que también interfiere con las actividades de la vida diaria de las personas que lo perciben. Los modelos fisiopatológicos actuales relacionan la aparición y el mantenimiento del tinnitus con el estrés; esta activación implica un conjunto de reacciones conductuales y fisiológicas (neuronales, metabólicas y neuroendocrinas) que permiten responder al estresor de la manera más adaptada posible. Esta respuesta depende tanto de la magnitud del estresante que en este caso es el tinnitus como del aprendizaje, autoestima, sentido de dominio y control, apoyo s... Ver más
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Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus. Review of the Relationship Between Stress and Tinnitus. El tinnitus es un síntoma común y frecuente definido como una sensación de sonido que se produce en ausencia de cualquier fuente acústica externa. El tinnitus crónico no solo es aversivo, sino que también interfiere con las actividades de la vida diaria de las personas que lo perciben. Los modelos fisiopatológicos actuales relacionan la aparición y el mantenimiento del tinnitus con el estrés; esta activación implica un conjunto de reacciones conductuales y fisiológicas (neuronales, metabólicas y neuroendocrinas) que permiten responder al estresor de la manera más adaptada posible. Esta respuesta depende tanto de la magnitud del estresante que en este caso es el tinnitus como del aprendizaje, autoestima, sentido de dominio y control, apoyo social y emocional de la persona que presenta el síntoma. Dado que los sistemas auditivo y límbico están interconectados, el tinnitus puede afectar las propiedades emocionales y cognitivas y a su vez, el sistema límbico puede desempeñar un papel esencial para la generación o estabilización del tinnitus Este artículo recoge la evidencia reciente que demuestra la relación fisiológica y psicológica del tinnitus con el estrés para poner de manifiesto la importancia de que sea un factor a tener en cuenta en la evaluación y manejo de esta población. Tinnitus is a common and frequent symptom defined as a sound sensation that occurs in the absence of any external acoustic source. Chronic tinnitus is not only aversive, but also interferes with the activities of daily life of people who perceive it. Current pathophysiological models relate the appearance and maintenance of tinnitus with stress; This activation involves a set of behavioral and physiological reactions (neuronal, metabolic and neuroendocrine) that allow responding to the stressor in the most adapted way possible. This response depends so much on the magnitude of the stressor that in this case it is tinnitus as well as learning, self-esteem, sense of dominance and control, social and emotional support of the person presenting the symptom. Since the auditory and limbic systems are interconnected, tinnitus can affect emotional and cognitive properties and in turn, the limbic system can play an essential role for the generation or stabilization of tinnitus. This article gathers recent evidence that demonstrates the physiological and psychological relationship of tinnitus with stress to highlight the importance of being a factor to take into account in the evaluation and management of this population. Carmona Cortés, Saida Melisa Tinnitus stress physiology stressor audiology anxiety Tinnitus estrés fisiología estresor audiología ansiedad 19 2 Artículo de revista Journal article 2019-12-18T00:00:00Z 2019-12-18T00:00:00Z 2019-12-18 application/pdf Bogotá: Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana Areté 1657-2513 2463-2252 https://arete.ibero.edu.co/article/view/art.19208 10.33881/1657-2513.art.19208 https://doi.org/10.33881/1657-2513.art.19208 spa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Areté - 2019 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. 75 80 Adjamian, P., Sereda, M., & Hall, D. (2009). The mechanisms of tinnitus: Perspectives from human functional neuroimaging. Hearing Research, 253(1-2), 15-31. Adler, N., Boyce, T., Chesney, M., Cohen, S., & Al, E. (1994). Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient. American 79 ISSN-L:1657-2513 ARETÉ ART 19(2) pág.1-86 Revisión de la relación entre estrés y tinnitus Psychologist, 49(1), 15-24. Baigi, A., Oden, A., Almlid-Larsen, V., Barrenäs, M., & Holgers, K. (2011). Tinnitus in the General Population With a Focuson Noise and Stress: A Public Health Study. Ear and Hearing, 32(6), 787–789. Buchman, T. (2002). The community of the self. Nature, 420(6912), 246–251. Chrousos, G. (2009). Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 5(7), 374–381. Cima, R. (2017). Stress-Related Tinnitus Treatment Protocols. En A. Szczepek, & B. Mazurek (Edits.), Tinnitus and Stress (págs. 139–172). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Curet, C., & Roitman, D. (2016). Tinnitus. Evaluación y manejo. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 27(6), 848-862. De Ridder, D., Elgoyhen, A., Romo, R., & Langguth, B. (2011). Phantom percepts: Tinnitus and pain as persisting aversive memory networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(20), 8075– 8080. Dvorkin M, A. C. (2003). Best & Taylor Bases Fisiológicas de la Práctica Médica (13 ed.). Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana. Fuchs, E., & Flügge, G. (2003). Chronic social stress: effects on limbic brain structures. Physiology & Behavior, 79(3), 417–427. Gonzalez, B., & Escobar, A. (2002). Neuroanatomía del estrés. Revista Mexicana De Neurociencias, 3, 272–282. González-Ramírez, M., & Landero-Hernández, R. (2007). Escala de cansancio emocional (ECE) para estudiantes universitarios: Propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de México. Anales De Psicología, 23(2), 253–257. Halford, J., & Anderson, S. (1991). Anxiety and depression in tinnitus sufferers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 35(4-5), 383–390. Hall, D., Haider, H., A, S., Lau, P., Rabau, S., Jones-Diette, J., . . . Mazurek, B. (2016). Systematic review of outcome domains and instruments used in clinical trials of tinnitus treatments in adults. Trials, 1(17), 1-19. Illing, R., Michler, S., Kraus, K., & Laszig, R. (2002). Transcription factor modulation and expression in the rat auditory brainstem following electrical intracochlear stimulation. Experimental Neurology, 175(1), 226–244. Kaltenbach, J. (2007). The dorsal cochlear nucleus as a contributor to tinnitus: mechanisms underlying the induction of hyperactivity. Progress in Brain Research, 89–106. Kole, M., Swan, L., & Fuchs, E. (2002). The antidepressant tianeptine persistently modulates glutamate receptor currents of the hippocampal CA3 commissural associational synapse in chronically stressed rats. European Journal of Neuroscience, 16(5), 807–816. Krugers, H., Hoogenraad, C., & Groc, L. (2010). Stress hormones and AMPA receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(10), 675–681. Lanfumey, L., Mongeau, R., Cohen-Salmon, C., & Hamon, M. (2008). Corticosteroid–serotonin interactions in the neurobiological mechanisms of stress-related disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(6), 1174–1184. Langguth, B. (2011). A review of tinnitus symptoms beyond ‘ringing in the ears’: a call to action. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 8, 1635–1643. Langguth, B., & Landgrebe, M. (2011). Tinnitus and Depression. En A. Møller, Textbook of tinnitus (págs. 493–498). New York: Springer. Langguth, B., Kleinjung, T., Fischer, B., Hajak, G., Eichhammer, P., & Sand, P. (2007). Tinnitus severity, depression, and the big five personality traits. Progress in Brain Research, 221-225. Ledoux, J. (2007). The amygdala. Current Biology, 17(20), 868–874. Lenhardt, M., Shulman, A., & Goldstein, B. (2011). The role of the insula cortex in the final common pathway for tinnitus: experience using ultra-high-frequency therapy. International Tinnitus Journal, 14, 13–16. Malouff, J., Schutte, N., & Zucker, L. (2010). Tinnitus-related Distress: A Review of Recent Findings. Current Psychiatry Reports, 13(1), 31-36. Marsh, R., Fuzessery, Z., Grose, C., & Wenstrup, J. (2002). Projection to the Inferior Colliculus from the Basal Nucleus of the Amygdala. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22(23), 10449–10460. McEwen, B. (1998). Stress, Adaptation, and Disease: Allostasis and Allostatic Load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840(1), 33–44. McEwen, B. (2000). The neurobiology of stress: from serendipity to clinical relevance. Brain Research, 886(1-2), 172-189. McEwen, B., & Gianaros, P. (2011). Stress- and Allostasis – Induced Brain Plasticity. Annual Review of Medicine, 62(1), 431–445. McEwen, B., & Karatsoreos, I. (2013). Resilience and vulnerability: a neurobiological perspective. F1000 Prime Reports, 5-13. Mckenna, L. (2004). Models of tinnitus suffering and treatment compared and contrasted. Audiological Medicine, 2(1), 41–53. Møller, A. (2007). Tinnitus and pain. Progress in Brain Research, 166, 47–53. Møller, A. (2011). Textbook of tinnitus. New York: Springer. Morrison, S., & Salzman, C. (2010). Re-valuing the amygdala. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 20(2), 221–230. Mühlau, M., Rauschecker, J., Oestreicher, E., Gaser, C., Röttinger, M., Wohlschläger, A., & Sander, D. (2005). Structural Brain Changes in Tinnitus. Cerebral Cortex, 16(9), 1283–1288. Munoz-Lopez, M., Mohedano-Moriano, A., & Insausti, R. (2010). Anatomical Pathways for Auditory Memory in Primates. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 4, 1-13. Oiticica, J., & Bittar, R. (2015). Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 81(2), 167-176. Popoli, M., Yan, Z., Mcewen, B., & Sanacora, G. (2011). The stressed synapse: the impact of stress and glucocorticoids on glutamate transmission. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(1), 22–37. Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Corvalan, C., Bos, R., & Neira, M. (2016). Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks. Geneva: Vivien Stone. Reisch, A., Illing, R., & Laszig, R. (2007). Immediate early gene expression invoked by electrical intracochlear stimulation in some but not all types of neurons in the rat auditory brainstem. Experimental Neurology, 208(2), 193–206. Robinson, S., Viirre, E., & Stein, M. (2007). Antidepressant therapy in tinnitus. Hearing Research, 226(1-2), 221–231. Sadlier, M., Stephens, S., & Kennedy, V. (2007). Tinnitus rehabilitation: a mindfulness meditation cognitive behavioural therapy approach. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 122(1), 31–37. Sah, P., Faber, E., Armentia, M., & Power, J. (Physiological Reviews). The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. 2003, 83(3), 803–834. Sandi, C., Davies, H., Cordero, M., Rodriguez, J., Popov, V., & Stewart, M. (2003). Rapid reversal of stress inducedloss of synapses in CA3 of rat hippocampus following wáter maze training. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 2447–2456. Schaaf, H., Flohre, S., Hesse, G., & Gieler, U. (2014). Chronischer Stress als Einflussgrö ßebei Tinnitus patienten. HNO, 62(2), 108–114. Selye, H. (1955). Stress and Disease. Science, 122(3171), 625–631. Simpson, J., & Davies, W. (2000). A review of evidence in support of a role for 5-HT in the perception of tinnitus. Hearing Research, 145(1-2), 1-7. Suckfüll, M., Althaus, M., Ellers-Lenz, B., Gebauer, A., Gortelmeyer, R., Jastreboff, P., . . . Krueger, H. (2011). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-con- trolled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ner- amexane in patients with moderate to severe subjective tinnitus. BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders, 11(1), 1-10. Tyler, R., & Baker, L. (1983). Difficulties Experienced by Tinnitus Sufferers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48(2), 150–154. Weinberger, N. (2007). Associative representational plasticity in the auditory cortex: A synthesis of two disciplines. Learning & Memory, 14(1-2), 1–16. World Health Organization. (2013). Guidelines for the management of conditions specifically related to stress. Geneva: WHO. https://arete.ibero.edu.co/article/download/art.19208/1490 info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Text Publication |
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CORPORACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA IBEROAMERICANA |
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https://nuevo.metarevistas.org/CORPORACIONUNIVERSITARIAIBEROAMERICANA/logo.png |
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Colombia |
| collection |
Areté |
| title |
Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus. |
| spellingShingle |
Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus. Carmona Cortés, Saida Melisa Tinnitus stress physiology stressor audiology anxiety Tinnitus estrés fisiología estresor audiología ansiedad |
| title_short |
Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus. |
| title_full |
Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus. |
| title_fullStr |
Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Revisión de la Relación entre Estrés y Tinnitus. |
| title_sort |
revisión de la relación entre estrés y tinnitus. |
| title_eng |
Review of the Relationship Between Stress and Tinnitus. |
| description |
El tinnitus es un síntoma común y frecuente definido como una sensación de sonido que se produce en ausencia de cualquier fuente acústica externa. El tinnitus crónico no solo es aversivo, sino que también interfiere con las actividades de la vida diaria de las personas que lo perciben. Los modelos fisiopatológicos actuales relacionan la aparición y el mantenimiento del tinnitus con el estrés; esta activación implica un conjunto de reacciones conductuales y fisiológicas (neuronales, metabólicas y neuroendocrinas) que permiten responder al estresor de la manera más adaptada posible. Esta respuesta depende tanto de la magnitud del estresante que en este caso es el tinnitus como del aprendizaje, autoestima, sentido de dominio y control, apoyo social y emocional de la persona que presenta el síntoma. Dado que los sistemas auditivo y límbico están interconectados, el tinnitus puede afectar las propiedades emocionales y cognitivas y a su vez, el sistema límbico puede desempeñar un papel esencial para la generación o estabilización del tinnitus Este artículo recoge la evidencia reciente que demuestra la relación fisiológica y psicológica del tinnitus con el estrés para poner de manifiesto la importancia de que sea un factor a tener en cuenta en la evaluación y manejo de esta población.
|
| description_eng |
Tinnitus is a common and frequent symptom defined as a sound sensation that occurs in the absence of any external acoustic source. Chronic tinnitus is not only aversive, but also interferes with the activities of daily life of people who perceive it. Current pathophysiological models relate the appearance and maintenance of tinnitus with stress; This activation involves a set of behavioral and physiological reactions (neuronal, metabolic and neuroendocrine) that allow responding to the stressor in the most adapted way possible. This response depends so much on the magnitude of the stressor that in this case it is tinnitus as well as learning, self-esteem, sense of dominance and control, social and emotional support of the person presenting the symptom. Since the auditory and limbic systems are interconnected, tinnitus can affect emotional and cognitive properties and in turn, the limbic system can play an essential role for the generation or stabilization of tinnitus. This article gathers recent evidence that demonstrates the physiological and psychological relationship of tinnitus with stress to highlight the importance of being a factor to take into account in the evaluation and management of this population.
|
| author |
Carmona Cortés, Saida Melisa |
| author_facet |
Carmona Cortés, Saida Melisa |
| topic |
Tinnitus stress physiology stressor audiology anxiety Tinnitus estrés fisiología estresor audiología ansiedad |
| topic_facet |
Tinnitus stress physiology stressor audiology anxiety Tinnitus estrés fisiología estresor audiología ansiedad |
| topicspa_str_mv |
Tinnitus estrés fisiología estresor audiología ansiedad |
| citationvolume |
19 |
| citationissue |
2 |
| publisher |
Bogotá: Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana |
| ispartofjournal |
Areté |
| source |
https://arete.ibero.edu.co/article/view/art.19208 |
| language |
spa |
| format |
Article |
| rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 Areté - 2019 Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| references |
Adjamian, P., Sereda, M., & Hall, D. (2009). The mechanisms of tinnitus: Perspectives from human functional neuroimaging. Hearing Research, 253(1-2), 15-31. Adler, N., Boyce, T., Chesney, M., Cohen, S., & Al, E. (1994). Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient. American 79 ISSN-L:1657-2513 ARETÉ ART 19(2) pág.1-86 Revisión de la relación entre estrés y tinnitus Psychologist, 49(1), 15-24. Baigi, A., Oden, A., Almlid-Larsen, V., Barrenäs, M., & Holgers, K. (2011). Tinnitus in the General Population With a Focuson Noise and Stress: A Public Health Study. Ear and Hearing, 32(6), 787–789. Buchman, T. (2002). The community of the self. Nature, 420(6912), 246–251. Chrousos, G. (2009). Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 5(7), 374–381. Cima, R. (2017). Stress-Related Tinnitus Treatment Protocols. En A. Szczepek, & B. Mazurek (Edits.), Tinnitus and Stress (págs. 139–172). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Curet, C., & Roitman, D. (2016). Tinnitus. Evaluación y manejo. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 27(6), 848-862. De Ridder, D., Elgoyhen, A., Romo, R., & Langguth, B. (2011). Phantom percepts: Tinnitus and pain as persisting aversive memory networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(20), 8075– 8080. Dvorkin M, A. C. (2003). Best & Taylor Bases Fisiológicas de la Práctica Médica (13 ed.). Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana. Fuchs, E., & Flügge, G. (2003). Chronic social stress: effects on limbic brain structures. Physiology & Behavior, 79(3), 417–427. Gonzalez, B., & Escobar, A. (2002). Neuroanatomía del estrés. Revista Mexicana De Neurociencias, 3, 272–282. González-Ramírez, M., & Landero-Hernández, R. (2007). Escala de cansancio emocional (ECE) para estudiantes universitarios: Propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de México. Anales De Psicología, 23(2), 253–257. Halford, J., & Anderson, S. (1991). Anxiety and depression in tinnitus sufferers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 35(4-5), 383–390. Hall, D., Haider, H., A, S., Lau, P., Rabau, S., Jones-Diette, J., . . . Mazurek, B. (2016). Systematic review of outcome domains and instruments used in clinical trials of tinnitus treatments in adults. Trials, 1(17), 1-19. Illing, R., Michler, S., Kraus, K., & Laszig, R. (2002). Transcription factor modulation and expression in the rat auditory brainstem following electrical intracochlear stimulation. Experimental Neurology, 175(1), 226–244. Kaltenbach, J. (2007). The dorsal cochlear nucleus as a contributor to tinnitus: mechanisms underlying the induction of hyperactivity. Progress in Brain Research, 89–106. Kole, M., Swan, L., & Fuchs, E. (2002). The antidepressant tianeptine persistently modulates glutamate receptor currents of the hippocampal CA3 commissural associational synapse in chronically stressed rats. European Journal of Neuroscience, 16(5), 807–816. Krugers, H., Hoogenraad, C., & Groc, L. (2010). Stress hormones and AMPA receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(10), 675–681. Lanfumey, L., Mongeau, R., Cohen-Salmon, C., & Hamon, M. (2008). Corticosteroid–serotonin interactions in the neurobiological mechanisms of stress-related disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(6), 1174–1184. Langguth, B. (2011). A review of tinnitus symptoms beyond ‘ringing in the ears’: a call to action. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 8, 1635–1643. Langguth, B., & Landgrebe, M. (2011). Tinnitus and Depression. En A. Møller, Textbook of tinnitus (págs. 493–498). New York: Springer. Langguth, B., Kleinjung, T., Fischer, B., Hajak, G., Eichhammer, P., & Sand, P. (2007). Tinnitus severity, depression, and the big five personality traits. Progress in Brain Research, 221-225. Ledoux, J. (2007). The amygdala. Current Biology, 17(20), 868–874. Lenhardt, M., Shulman, A., & Goldstein, B. (2011). The role of the insula cortex in the final common pathway for tinnitus: experience using ultra-high-frequency therapy. International Tinnitus Journal, 14, 13–16. Malouff, J., Schutte, N., & Zucker, L. (2010). Tinnitus-related Distress: A Review of Recent Findings. Current Psychiatry Reports, 13(1), 31-36. Marsh, R., Fuzessery, Z., Grose, C., & Wenstrup, J. (2002). Projection to the Inferior Colliculus from the Basal Nucleus of the Amygdala. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22(23), 10449–10460. McEwen, B. (1998). Stress, Adaptation, and Disease: Allostasis and Allostatic Load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840(1), 33–44. McEwen, B. (2000). The neurobiology of stress: from serendipity to clinical relevance. Brain Research, 886(1-2), 172-189. McEwen, B., & Gianaros, P. (2011). Stress- and Allostasis – Induced Brain Plasticity. Annual Review of Medicine, 62(1), 431–445. McEwen, B., & Karatsoreos, I. (2013). Resilience and vulnerability: a neurobiological perspective. F1000 Prime Reports, 5-13. Mckenna, L. (2004). Models of tinnitus suffering and treatment compared and contrasted. Audiological Medicine, 2(1), 41–53. Møller, A. (2007). Tinnitus and pain. Progress in Brain Research, 166, 47–53. Møller, A. (2011). Textbook of tinnitus. New York: Springer. Morrison, S., & Salzman, C. (2010). Re-valuing the amygdala. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 20(2), 221–230. Mühlau, M., Rauschecker, J., Oestreicher, E., Gaser, C., Röttinger, M., Wohlschläger, A., & Sander, D. (2005). Structural Brain Changes in Tinnitus. Cerebral Cortex, 16(9), 1283–1288. Munoz-Lopez, M., Mohedano-Moriano, A., & Insausti, R. (2010). Anatomical Pathways for Auditory Memory in Primates. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 4, 1-13. Oiticica, J., & Bittar, R. (2015). Tinnitus prevalence in the city of São Paulo. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 81(2), 167-176. Popoli, M., Yan, Z., Mcewen, B., & Sanacora, G. (2011). The stressed synapse: the impact of stress and glucocorticoids on glutamate transmission. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(1), 22–37. Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Corvalan, C., Bos, R., & Neira, M. (2016). Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks. Geneva: Vivien Stone. Reisch, A., Illing, R., & Laszig, R. (2007). Immediate early gene expression invoked by electrical intracochlear stimulation in some but not all types of neurons in the rat auditory brainstem. Experimental Neurology, 208(2), 193–206. Robinson, S., Viirre, E., & Stein, M. (2007). Antidepressant therapy in tinnitus. Hearing Research, 226(1-2), 221–231. Sadlier, M., Stephens, S., & Kennedy, V. (2007). Tinnitus rehabilitation: a mindfulness meditation cognitive behavioural therapy approach. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 122(1), 31–37. Sah, P., Faber, E., Armentia, M., & Power, J. (Physiological Reviews). The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. 2003, 83(3), 803–834. Sandi, C., Davies, H., Cordero, M., Rodriguez, J., Popov, V., & Stewart, M. (2003). Rapid reversal of stress inducedloss of synapses in CA3 of rat hippocampus following wáter maze training. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 2447–2456. Schaaf, H., Flohre, S., Hesse, G., & Gieler, U. (2014). Chronischer Stress als Einflussgrö ßebei Tinnitus patienten. HNO, 62(2), 108–114. Selye, H. (1955). Stress and Disease. Science, 122(3171), 625–631. Simpson, J., & Davies, W. (2000). A review of evidence in support of a role for 5-HT in the perception of tinnitus. Hearing Research, 145(1-2), 1-7. Suckfüll, M., Althaus, M., Ellers-Lenz, B., Gebauer, A., Gortelmeyer, R., Jastreboff, P., . . . Krueger, H. (2011). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-con- trolled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ner- amexane in patients with moderate to severe subjective tinnitus. BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders, 11(1), 1-10. Tyler, R., & Baker, L. (1983). Difficulties Experienced by Tinnitus Sufferers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48(2), 150–154. Weinberger, N. (2007). Associative representational plasticity in the auditory cortex: A synthesis of two disciplines. Learning & Memory, 14(1-2), 1–16. World Health Organization. (2013). Guidelines for the management of conditions specifically related to stress. Geneva: WHO. |
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80 |
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https://arete.ibero.edu.co/article/download/art.19208/1490 |
| _version_ |
1811200118176612352 |