Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano
.
La técnica del “bebé de tres padres” es una forma de reproducción asistida que involucra la manipulación genética para evitar enfermedades mitocondriales. El propósito del artículo es analizar íntegramente las consideraciones éticas, legales, sociales, médicas y científicas relacionadas con la técnica del “bebé de tres padres”, y proporcionar una visión global sobre la viabilidad, los riesgos y los beneficios de su implementación. La metodología utilizada se basa en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y el análisis crítico de los diferentes aspectos relacionados con la técnica del “bebé de tres padres”. Se examinan estudios clínicos, investigaciones éticas y regulaciones legales, así como se consideran las implicaciones soci... Ver más
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2711-0281
2022-12-30
Opinión Pública - 2024
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CORPORACIÓN UNIFICADA NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR |
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Colombia |
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Opinión Pública |
title |
Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano |
spellingShingle |
Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano Calcáneo Sánchez, Alfonso Vidal Lorca, Cesar del Carmen bebé de tres padres técnicas de reproducción asistida derecho civil y familiar México three-parent baby assisted reproduction techniques civil and family law Mexico |
title_short |
Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano |
title_full |
Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano |
title_fullStr |
Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano |
title_full_unstemmed |
Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano |
title_sort |
técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano |
title_eng |
“Three-parent baby” technique and the Mexican legal system |
description |
La técnica del “bebé de tres padres” es una forma de reproducción asistida que involucra la manipulación genética para evitar enfermedades mitocondriales. El propósito del artículo es analizar íntegramente las consideraciones éticas, legales, sociales, médicas y científicas relacionadas con la técnica del “bebé de tres padres”, y proporcionar una visión global sobre la viabilidad, los riesgos y los beneficios de su implementación. La metodología utilizada se basa en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y el análisis crítico de los diferentes aspectos relacionados con la técnica del “bebé de tres padres”. Se examinan estudios clínicos, investigaciones éticas y regulaciones legales, así como se consideran las implicaciones sociales y culturales. Los resultados muestran que la técnica del “bebé de tres padres” plantea importantes consideraciones éticas en relación con el consentimiento informado, la manipulación y la identidad genéticas. Además, se identifican desafíos legales en términos de derechos y responsabilidades de los padres biológicos y la necesidad de una regulación específica. Asimismo, se destacan las preocupaciones sociales y culturales, la equidad en el acceso y la percepción de esta técnica en diferentes comunidades. En cuanto a los aspectos médicos y científicos, se resalta la importancia de la evaluación de la eficacia, la seguridad y los posibles riesgos asociados con la técnica, así como la selección adecuada de los donantes y el seguimiento médico. Al abordar estos aspectos de manera adecuada, se podrán maximizar los beneficios de esta técnica y proteger los derechos y el bienestar de todas las partes involucradas.
|
description_eng |
The three-parent baby technique is a form of assisted reproduction that involves genetic manipulation to prevent mitochondrial diseases. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively analyze the ethical, legal, social, medical, and scientific considerations related to the three-parent baby technique and provide a global overview of the feasibility, risks, and benefits of its implementation. The methodology used is based on a thorough review of scientific literature and critical analysis of different aspects related to the three-parent baby technique. Clinical studies, ethical research, and legal regulations are examined, and social and cultural implications are considered. The results show that the three-parent baby technique raises significant ethical considerations regarding informed consent, genetic manipulation, and genetic identity. Additionally, legal challenges are identified in terms of the rights and responsibilities of biological parents and the need for specific regulation. Furthermore, social and cultural concerns, equity in access, and the perception of this technique in different communities are highlighted. Regarding medical and scientific aspects, the importance of evaluating effectiveness, safety, and potential risks associated with the technique is emphasized, as well as the appropriate selection of donors and medical follow-up. By addressing these aspects appropriately, the benefits of this technique can be maximized, and the rights and well-being of all parties involved can be protected.
|
author |
Calcáneo Sánchez, Alfonso Vidal Lorca, Cesar del Carmen |
author_facet |
Calcáneo Sánchez, Alfonso Vidal Lorca, Cesar del Carmen |
topicspa_str_mv |
bebé de tres padres técnicas de reproducción asistida derecho civil y familiar México |
topic |
bebé de tres padres técnicas de reproducción asistida derecho civil y familiar México three-parent baby assisted reproduction techniques civil and family law Mexico |
topic_facet |
bebé de tres padres técnicas de reproducción asistida derecho civil y familiar México three-parent baby assisted reproduction techniques civil and family law Mexico |
citationissue |
19 |
citationedition |
Núm. 19 , Año 2022 : Opinión Pública No. 19 |
publisher |
Fondo Editorial CUN |
ispartofjournal |
Opinión Pública |
source |
https://revistas.cun.edu.co/index.php/opinionpublica/article/view/1006 |
language |
spa |
format |
Article |
rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Opinión Pública - 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
references |
Allier, A., Moreau, L., Charcosset, A., Teyssedre, S., y Lehermeier, C. (2018). Usefulness Criterion and Post-Selection Parental Contributions in Multi-Parental Crosses: Application to Polygenic Trait Introgression. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 9, 1469 - 1479. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400129 Bartal, M., Sibai, B., Bart, Y., Shina, A., Mazaki‐Tovi, S., Eisen, I., Hendler, I., Baum, M., y Schiff, E. (2018). The Impact of Sperm and Egg Donation on the Risk of Pregnancy Complications. American Journal of Perinatology, 36, 205 - 211. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667029 Bauer, T. (2022). A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies Investigating Motives and Experiences of Recipients of Anonymous Gamete Donation. Frontiers in Sociology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.746847 Blank, D., Blank, D., Badurdeen, S., Badurdeen, S., Kamlin, C., Jacobs, S., Thió, M., Dawson, J., Kane, S., Kane, S., Dennis, A., Dennis, A., Polglase, G., Hooper, S., y Davis, P. (2018). Baby-directed umbilical cord clamping: A feasibility study. Resuscitation, 131, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.020. Blázquez, A., Garcia, D., Vassena, R., Figueras, F., y Rodríguez, A. (2018). Risk of preeclampsia in pregnancies resulting from double gamete donation and from oocyte donation alone. Pregnancy hypertension, 13, 133-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2018.06.010 Casasempere-Satorres, A., y Vercher-Ferrándiz, M. L. (2020). Bibliographic documentary analysis. Getting the most out of the literature review in qualitative research. New Trends in Qualitative Research, 4, 247-257. https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.4.2020.247-257 Childress, J., y Childress, M. (2020). What Does the Evolution From Informed Consent to Shared Decision Making Teach Us About Authority in Health Care? AMA journal of ethics, 22 5, E423-429. https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2020.423 Clayton, E., Evans, B., Hazel, J., y Rothstein, M. (2019). The law of genetic privacy: applications, implications, and limitations. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 6, 1 - 36. https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsz007 Creswell, J. W. (2019). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (SAGE, Ed. 4 ed.). Dimond, R., y Stephens, N. (2018). Three persons, three genetic contributors, three parents: Mitochondrial donation, genetic parenting and the immutable grammar of the ‘three x x’. Health:, 22, 240 - 258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459316689380 Eilertsen, E., Jami, E., McAdams, T., Hannigan, L., Havdahl, A., Magnus, P., Evans, D., y Ystrom, E. (2020). Direct and Indirect Effects of Maternal, Paternal, and Offspring Genotypes: Trio-GCTA. Behavior Genetics, 51, 154 - 161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-020-10036-6 Faddy, M., Gosden, M., y Gosden, R. (2018). A demographic projection of the contribution of assisted reproductive technologies to world population growth. Reproductive biomedicine online, 36 4, 455-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.01.006 Gobierno de México (2015). Ley General de Salud. Dirección General de Promoción de la Salud. Secretaría de Salud. https://www.gob.mx/salud/articulos/ley-de-salud Gómez, C. A. (2022). Ingreso, permanencia y estrategias para el fomento de los Semilleros de Investigación en una IES de Colombia. Región Científica, 1(1), 20226. https://doi.org/10.58763/rc20226 Gullo, G., Scaglione, M., Cucinella, G., Perino, A., Chiantera, V., D’Anna, R., Laganà, A., y Buzzaccarini, G. (2022). Impact of assisted reproduction techniques on the neuro-psycho-motor outcome of newborns: a critical appraisal. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42, 2583 - 2587. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2022.2109953 Huang, C., Wu, H., Zhou, W., Huang, Z., Luo, X., Tang, Y., Liu, Q., Fan, L., Nie, H., y Zhu, W. (2022). Genetic testing of sperm donors at a human sperm bank in China. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.942447 Johnson, L., Duenas, D., y Wilfond, B. (2021). Conjoined Consent: Informed Consent When Donor and Recipient Are Both Research Participants. The American Journal of Bioethics, 21, 106 - 107. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.1891343 Kater-Kuipers, A., Beaufort, I., Galjaard, R., y Bunnik, E. (2020). Rethinking counselling in prenatal screening: An ethical analysis of informed consent in the context of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Bioethics, 34, 671 - 678. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12760 Kool, E., Bos, A., Graaf, R., Fauser, B., y Bredenoord, A. (2018). Ethics of oocyte banking for third-party assisted reproduction: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update, 24, 615–635. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmy016 Macpherson, I., Roqué, M., y Segarra, I. (2019). Ethical Challenges of Germline Genetic Enhancement. Frontiers in Genetics, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00767 Mihelic, M., Morawska, A., y Filus, A. (2018). Preparing parents for parenthood: protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a preventative parenting intervention for expectant parents. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1939-2 O'Brien, K., Robson, K., Bracht, M., Cruz, M., Lui, K., Alvaro, R., Silva, O., Monterrosa, L., Narvey, M., Ng, E., Soraisham, A., Ye, X., Mirea, L., Tarnow-Mordi, W., y Lee, S. (2018). Effectiveness of Family Integrated Care in neonatal intensive care units on infant and parent outcomes: a multicentre, multinational, cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2 4, 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30039-7 Pant, S., Elias, M., Woolfall, K., Morales, M., Lincy, B., Jahan, I., Sumanasena, S., Ramji, S., Shankaran, S., y Thayyil, S. (2021). Parental and professional perceptions of informed consent and participation in a time-critical neonatal trial: a mixed-methods study in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. BMJ Global Health, 6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005757 Pennings, G. (2019). Genetic databases and the future of donor anonymity. Human reproduction, 34 5, 786-790. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez029 Pennings, G. (2020). Decisional authority of gamete donors over embryos created with their gametes. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 37, 281-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-019-01678-5 Pinto, N., Simões, R., Amorim, A., y Conde-Sousa, E. (2019). Optimizing the information increase through the addition of relatives and genetic markers in identification and kinship cases. Forensic science international. Genetics, 40, 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.02.019 Pompei, M., y Pompei, F. (2018). Overcoming bioethical, legal, and hereditary barriers to mitochondrial replacement therapy in the USA. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 36, 383 - 393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-018-1370-7 Priego, R., Martínez, G. Rodríguez, M. A. (2021). La publicidad digital y el desafío de la saturación publicitaria para el empresario. FACE: Revista De La Facultad De Ciencias Económicas Y Empresariales, 21(2), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v2.n2.2021.4651 Savulescu, J., y Singer, P. (2019). An ethical pathway for gene editing. Bioethics, 33 2, 221-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12570 Simon, K., y Farr, R. (2020). Identity-based socialization and adopted children’s outcomes in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parent families. Applied Developmental Science, 26, 155 - 175. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2020.1748030 Slade, A., Holland, M., Ordway, M., Carlson, E., Jeon, S., Close, N., Mayes, L., y Sadler, L. (2020). Minding the Baby®: Enhancing parental reflective functioning and infant attachment in an attachment-based, interdisciplinary home visiting program. Development and Psychopathology, 32, 123 - 137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001463 Soares, C., Tkachenko, N., Fernandes, E., Barreiro, M., Abreu, M., Reis, C., Soares, G., Fortuna, A., y Soares, A. (2022). Genetic counseling and carrier screening in candidates for gamete donation at a Portuguese center. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 27, 180 - 184. https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20220012 Tamanza, G., Facchin, F., Francini, F., Ravani, S., Gennari, M., y Mannino, G. (2019). “Doubly Mother”: Heterologous Artificial Insemination Between Biological and Social Parenthood: A Single Case Study. World Futures, 75, 480 - 501. https://doi.org/10.1080/02604027.2019.1654769 Taylor, J. (2019). Social Autonomy and Family-Based Informed Consent. The Journal of medicine and philosophy, 44 5, 621-639. https://doi.org/10.1093/JMP/JHZ020 Xia, D., Zhang, C., Lip, V., Harris, M., y Shen, Y. (2018). Trio-R: a script for assessing maternity and paternity in trio studies performed on Agilent chromosomal microarrays. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0684-9 Zegers‐Hochschild, F., Schwarze, J., Crosby, J., Musri, C., y Urbina, M. (2018). Assisted reproductive techniques in Latin America: the Latin American Registry, 2015. Reproductive biomedicine online, 37 6, 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.08.026 Zong, L., Liu, P., Zhou, L., Wei, D., Ding, L., y Qin, Y. (2020). Increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications in hormone replacement therapy cycles in frozen embryo transfer. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology: RB&E, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00601-3 |
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Técnica “bebé de tres padres” y el sistema jurídico mexicano “Three-parent baby” technique and the Mexican legal system La técnica del “bebé de tres padres” es una forma de reproducción asistida que involucra la manipulación genética para evitar enfermedades mitocondriales. El propósito del artículo es analizar íntegramente las consideraciones éticas, legales, sociales, médicas y científicas relacionadas con la técnica del “bebé de tres padres”, y proporcionar una visión global sobre la viabilidad, los riesgos y los beneficios de su implementación. La metodología utilizada se basa en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y el análisis crítico de los diferentes aspectos relacionados con la técnica del “bebé de tres padres”. Se examinan estudios clínicos, investigaciones éticas y regulaciones legales, así como se consideran las implicaciones sociales y culturales. Los resultados muestran que la técnica del “bebé de tres padres” plantea importantes consideraciones éticas en relación con el consentimiento informado, la manipulación y la identidad genéticas. Además, se identifican desafíos legales en términos de derechos y responsabilidades de los padres biológicos y la necesidad de una regulación específica. Asimismo, se destacan las preocupaciones sociales y culturales, la equidad en el acceso y la percepción de esta técnica en diferentes comunidades. En cuanto a los aspectos médicos y científicos, se resalta la importancia de la evaluación de la eficacia, la seguridad y los posibles riesgos asociados con la técnica, así como la selección adecuada de los donantes y el seguimiento médico. Al abordar estos aspectos de manera adecuada, se podrán maximizar los beneficios de esta técnica y proteger los derechos y el bienestar de todas las partes involucradas. The three-parent baby technique is a form of assisted reproduction that involves genetic manipulation to prevent mitochondrial diseases. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively analyze the ethical, legal, social, medical, and scientific considerations related to the three-parent baby technique and provide a global overview of the feasibility, risks, and benefits of its implementation. The methodology used is based on a thorough review of scientific literature and critical analysis of different aspects related to the three-parent baby technique. Clinical studies, ethical research, and legal regulations are examined, and social and cultural implications are considered. The results show that the three-parent baby technique raises significant ethical considerations regarding informed consent, genetic manipulation, and genetic identity. Additionally, legal challenges are identified in terms of the rights and responsibilities of biological parents and the need for specific regulation. Furthermore, social and cultural concerns, equity in access, and the perception of this technique in different communities are highlighted. Regarding medical and scientific aspects, the importance of evaluating effectiveness, safety, and potential risks associated with the technique is emphasized, as well as the appropriate selection of donors and medical follow-up. By addressing these aspects appropriately, the benefits of this technique can be maximized, and the rights and well-being of all parties involved can be protected. Calcáneo Sánchez, Alfonso Vidal Lorca, Cesar del Carmen bebé de tres padres técnicas de reproducción asistida derecho civil y familiar México three-parent baby assisted reproduction techniques civil and family law Mexico 19 Núm. 19 , Año 2022 : Opinión Pública No. 19 Artículo de revista Journal article 2022-12-30T00:00:00Z 2022-12-30T00:00:00Z 2022-12-30 Fondo Editorial CUN Opinión Pública 2346-397X 2711-0281 https://revistas.cun.edu.co/index.php/opinionpublica/article/view/1006 10.52143/2711-0281.1006 https://doi.org/10.52143/2711-0281.1006 spa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Opinión Pública - 2024 Allier, A., Moreau, L., Charcosset, A., Teyssedre, S., y Lehermeier, C. (2018). Usefulness Criterion and Post-Selection Parental Contributions in Multi-Parental Crosses: Application to Polygenic Trait Introgression. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 9, 1469 - 1479. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400129 Bartal, M., Sibai, B., Bart, Y., Shina, A., Mazaki‐Tovi, S., Eisen, I., Hendler, I., Baum, M., y Schiff, E. (2018). The Impact of Sperm and Egg Donation on the Risk of Pregnancy Complications. American Journal of Perinatology, 36, 205 - 211. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667029 Bauer, T. (2022). A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies Investigating Motives and Experiences of Recipients of Anonymous Gamete Donation. Frontiers in Sociology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.746847 Blank, D., Blank, D., Badurdeen, S., Badurdeen, S., Kamlin, C., Jacobs, S., Thió, M., Dawson, J., Kane, S., Kane, S., Dennis, A., Dennis, A., Polglase, G., Hooper, S., y Davis, P. (2018). Baby-directed umbilical cord clamping: A feasibility study. Resuscitation, 131, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.020. Blázquez, A., Garcia, D., Vassena, R., Figueras, F., y Rodríguez, A. (2018). Risk of preeclampsia in pregnancies resulting from double gamete donation and from oocyte donation alone. Pregnancy hypertension, 13, 133-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2018.06.010 Casasempere-Satorres, A., y Vercher-Ferrándiz, M. L. (2020). Bibliographic documentary analysis. Getting the most out of the literature review in qualitative research. New Trends in Qualitative Research, 4, 247-257. https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.4.2020.247-257 Childress, J., y Childress, M. (2020). What Does the Evolution From Informed Consent to Shared Decision Making Teach Us About Authority in Health Care? AMA journal of ethics, 22 5, E423-429. https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2020.423 Clayton, E., Evans, B., Hazel, J., y Rothstein, M. (2019). The law of genetic privacy: applications, implications, and limitations. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 6, 1 - 36. https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsz007 Creswell, J. W. (2019). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (SAGE, Ed. 4 ed.). Dimond, R., y Stephens, N. (2018). Three persons, three genetic contributors, three parents: Mitochondrial donation, genetic parenting and the immutable grammar of the ‘three x x’. Health:, 22, 240 - 258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459316689380 Eilertsen, E., Jami, E., McAdams, T., Hannigan, L., Havdahl, A., Magnus, P., Evans, D., y Ystrom, E. (2020). Direct and Indirect Effects of Maternal, Paternal, and Offspring Genotypes: Trio-GCTA. Behavior Genetics, 51, 154 - 161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-020-10036-6 Faddy, M., Gosden, M., y Gosden, R. (2018). A demographic projection of the contribution of assisted reproductive technologies to world population growth. Reproductive biomedicine online, 36 4, 455-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.01.006 Gobierno de México (2015). Ley General de Salud. Dirección General de Promoción de la Salud. Secretaría de Salud. https://www.gob.mx/salud/articulos/ley-de-salud Gómez, C. A. (2022). Ingreso, permanencia y estrategias para el fomento de los Semilleros de Investigación en una IES de Colombia. Región Científica, 1(1), 20226. https://doi.org/10.58763/rc20226 Gullo, G., Scaglione, M., Cucinella, G., Perino, A., Chiantera, V., D’Anna, R., Laganà, A., y Buzzaccarini, G. (2022). Impact of assisted reproduction techniques on the neuro-psycho-motor outcome of newborns: a critical appraisal. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42, 2583 - 2587. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2022.2109953 Huang, C., Wu, H., Zhou, W., Huang, Z., Luo, X., Tang, Y., Liu, Q., Fan, L., Nie, H., y Zhu, W. (2022). Genetic testing of sperm donors at a human sperm bank in China. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.942447 Johnson, L., Duenas, D., y Wilfond, B. (2021). Conjoined Consent: Informed Consent When Donor and Recipient Are Both Research Participants. The American Journal of Bioethics, 21, 106 - 107. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2021.1891343 Kater-Kuipers, A., Beaufort, I., Galjaard, R., y Bunnik, E. (2020). Rethinking counselling in prenatal screening: An ethical analysis of informed consent in the context of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Bioethics, 34, 671 - 678. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12760 Kool, E., Bos, A., Graaf, R., Fauser, B., y Bredenoord, A. (2018). Ethics of oocyte banking for third-party assisted reproduction: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update, 24, 615–635. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmy016 Macpherson, I., Roqué, M., y Segarra, I. (2019). Ethical Challenges of Germline Genetic Enhancement. Frontiers in Genetics, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00767 Mihelic, M., Morawska, A., y Filus, A. (2018). Preparing parents for parenthood: protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a preventative parenting intervention for expectant parents. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1939-2 O'Brien, K., Robson, K., Bracht, M., Cruz, M., Lui, K., Alvaro, R., Silva, O., Monterrosa, L., Narvey, M., Ng, E., Soraisham, A., Ye, X., Mirea, L., Tarnow-Mordi, W., y Lee, S. (2018). Effectiveness of Family Integrated Care in neonatal intensive care units on infant and parent outcomes: a multicentre, multinational, cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2 4, 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30039-7 Pant, S., Elias, M., Woolfall, K., Morales, M., Lincy, B., Jahan, I., Sumanasena, S., Ramji, S., Shankaran, S., y Thayyil, S. (2021). Parental and professional perceptions of informed consent and participation in a time-critical neonatal trial: a mixed-methods study in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. BMJ Global Health, 6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005757 Pennings, G. (2019). Genetic databases and the future of donor anonymity. 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